ESG-Ն որպես կազմակերպությունների գործունեության գնահատման նոր մեթոդ

Abstract

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indicators represent a significant innovation in economic sciences, rapidly spreading from developed to developing countries. The primary objective of this research is to identify the structural formats of ESG metrics and demonstrate their impact on the evaluation of corporate performance. This paper establishes the relevance of ESG integration by revealing the underlying motivations for adopting these indicators, particularly their critical role in ensuring stable, profitable operations and facilitating access to financing for future business expansion. The study discusses the nature, typology, and calculation of these indicators, aiming to systematize the calculation methodology and illustrate its correlation with standard financial evaluations using real-world operational examples. It clarifies how specific indicators are weighted in the assessments of different types of organizations, occasionally receiving high multipliers to reflect their strategic importance. All key indicators are categorized according to their thematic groupings, and mutually exclusive or incomparable indicators are isolated with detailed justifications for their separation. Beyond numerical assessment, the article explores the societal relevance of ESG metrics. It highlights instances where public criteria for evaluating goods and services align with established ESG standards, examining the nexus between purchasing power, social well-being, and societal value systems. Finally, the literature review analyzes the methodological disparities among various ESG rating agencies, the findings of which contribute directly to the study’s concluding remarks.