In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Indigenous Trichoderma Isolates Against Lasiodiplodia Isolates Associated with Stem-End Rot of Star Apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.)
Aug 2026· Horticulturae· Vol 12, pp. 1036· 0 citations· 61 references
TL;DR
Pick and appraise strains of Trichoderma spp.
Abstract
Stem-end rot (SER) is an important postharvest disease that reduces the quality and marketability of star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.), while biological control offers a more sustainable alternative to chemical management. This study aimed to (i) select fungal strains causing SER disease in star apple and (ii) select and appraise strains of Trichoderma spp. fungi as antagonists to the selected fungi causing SER disease under in vitro conditions. Ten fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic fruits, and 35 Trichoderma isolates were recovered from star apple rhizosphere soils. Five rapidly growing fungal isolates were evaluated using a detached-fruit pathogenicity assay, with three fruits per treatment. The five strains with the strongest expression of SER were selected and identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae L-SA01, L-SA03, and L-SA07, L. venezuelensis L-SA02, and L. egytiacae L-SA06. Among 25 Trichoderma isolates screened for extracellular enzyme activities, T-SA05, T-SA30, and T-SA32 were selected for broad antagonistic activity and were provisionally associated with T. asperellum, T. yunnanense, and T. viride, respectively. At 72 h, these isolates showed antagonistic efficiencies of 55.4–58.9% against L-SA01, 64.9–69.6% against L-SA02, 80.8–82.4% against L-SA03, 58.6–59.3% against L-SA06, and 49.9–54.1% against L-SA07. L. venezuelensis and L. egytiacae were the two fungal species first found to cause SER. T. yunnanense was recently proven to control the Lasiodiplodia spp. fungi that cause SER. The selected isolates also exhibited chitinase and glucanase activities, although their enzyme profiles did not fully correspond to their antagonistic efficiencies. These findings identify indigenous Trichoderma isolates for further taxonomic confirmation and evaluation in postharvest fruit assays.
Scanning electron micrographs of Sclerotium rolfsii paired with effective Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates showed swollen hyphae with cell-wall damage, providing clear evidence of antagonistic interactions caused by volatile compounds produced by B. amyloliquefaciens and T. harzianum.
A. A. Khan, V. Bhuvaneswari, P. Anisha et al.· Asian Research Journal of Ag...· 0 citations
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop, but its productivity is affected by stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Biological control using antagonistic fungi offers a potential approach for reducing dependence on chemical disease management. The present study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory activity of cell-free culture filtrates from ten native isolates of Trichoderma viride against S. rolfsii. The pathogen was isolated from infected groundnut stem tissues and identified based on colony morphology and sclerotial characteristics. T. viride isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil samples and maintained as Tv1 to Tv10. Culture filtrates were prepared from 10-day-old potato dextrose broth cultures and incorporated into potato dextrose agar at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% concentrations using the poisoned food technique. All isolates reduced radial mycelial growth of S. rolfsii compared with the control and inhibition generally increased with filtrate concentration. Among the isolates tested, Tv4 showed the greatest inhibitory effect, restricting pathogen growth to 27.79 mm, 19.56 mm, 12.26 mm and 0.00 mm at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% concentrations, respectively. Complete inhibition was observed with Tv4 at a 40% concentration. Tv6, Tv7 and Tv8 also showed high inhibition at the highest concentration. These results indicate that T. viride culture filtrates can suppress S. rolfsii growth under in vitro conditions.
K. Balamurugan, K. Vigneshwaran, R. Livitha· Journal of basic and applied...· 0 citations
Findings suggest that newly isolated endophytic Trichoderma strains from loquat exhibit robust host compatibility, offering a promising sustainable strategy for managing root rot in perennial fruit crops.
M. Hussain, Ting Yuan, Pei-Qi Liu et al.· Horticulturae· 0 citations
Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis is a major factor reduces of melon (Cucumis melo L.) production in Indonesia. Control using chemical fungicides has not been effective and poses risks to the environment and health. The aim of this experiment was to find out more accurate treatment combination of Trichoderma spp. as biological control agents with neem leaf powder (Azadirachta indica) as a botanical fungicide for inhibiting the growth of F. oxysporum in vitro. The Trichoderma species used in this study were collected by the Plant Pathology Laboratory collection of Udayana University. The research was conducted using a Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with two factorial treatments comprising three Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride) and four neem leaf powder concentrations (0 g L⁻¹, 15 g L⁻¹, 30 g L⁻¹, and 45 g L⁻¹) and 3 replications. Antagonistic activity was assessed using the dual culture method on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, with observations conducted over seven days observed parameters included pathogen colony growth and percentage of inhibition. The results showed that the combination of Trichoderma spp. and neem leaf powder significantly inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum in vitro, with varying effectiveness among Trichoderma species. The best inhibition was obtained from the combination of Trichoderma koningii and neem leaf powder at a concentration of 45 g L⁻¹, which completely inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum (100%) by day 5 without suppressing the growth of Trichoderma.
R. Pakpahan, I. K. Suada, T. A. Phabiola· International journal of mul...· 0 citations
IR6 exhibited the most notable agronomic performance, increasing seedling leaf area, fruit production, and fruit size under field conditions and demonstrating antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum, confirming its potential as a biocontrol agent and PGPR.
Dulce R. Hernández-Luna, I. Maldonado-Mendoza, Alicia Fierro-Coronado et al.· Canadian Journal of Microbio...· 0 citations
India contributes 26% of global banana production, yet cultivation is severely threatened by Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Foc), necessitating sustainable, eco-friendly management strategies. This study evaluated the biocontrol potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Foc-resistant and -susceptible banana cultivars. Isolates from the pseudostem, corm, and root of the resistant cultivar showed significantly greater inhibitory activity than those from the susceptible cultivar, underscoring the role of host genotype in shaping functionally competent endophytic communities. Among all isolates, Bacillus sp. from the corm of cv. Rose (AB) showed the highest mycelial inhibition of Foc (70.37–76.54%) in vitro. GC-MS-based metabolite profiling revealed a chemically diverse array of secondary metabolites, fatty acid esters, steroids, terpenoids, siloxanes, and nitrogenous compounds. Corm-associated endophytes exhibited membrane-disruptive and cytotoxic activity, while root-associated endophytes contributed protective, defense-modulatory effects. Halomonas sp. RoRo2 and B. subtilis RoC1 showed the highest inhibition in both agar-well and in planta assays, with unsaturated fatty acids and organic acid derivatives implicated as key antifungal effectors acting through multiple biochemical pathways. These findings identify metabolically versatile endophytes as promising candidates for developing efficient, environmentally compatible bioinoculants as sustainable alternatives to chemical control of Fusarium wilt in banana.
D. P. Mohite, Kavino Mathiyazhagan, Nakkeeran Sevugapperumal et al.· Pathogens· 0 citations
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