Future progress will depend on robust functional validation of key regulators, integration of multi-omics data with predictive breeding models, and broadening the genetic base of heat tolerance to sustain rice production under warming climates.
How recent advances in breeding strategies, functional genomics and genome-editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-based approaches, are providing new opportunities to enhance reproductive resilience to heat stress is discussed.
Miguel Moreira, Ana Rita Queirós, Ana Ventura et al.· Frontiers in Genome Editing· 0 citations
A genomics‐enabled roadmap for developing heat‐resilient rice cultivars under intensifying global warming and supporting sustainable global rice production is outlined.
Prabhat Rana, Chanderkant Chaudhary, Rajat Pruthi et al.· The Plant Genome· 0 citations
Premature bolting under elevated temperatures is a major constraint on lettuce production because it shortens the vegetative harvest period and reduces leaf quality. Bolting, floral transition, and flowering are closely connected but distinguishable processes that are regulated by overlapping genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances in lettuce genome assemblies, super-pangenomes, population resources, multi-omics analyses, and genome editing have enabled a more integrated understanding of this complex trait. This review summarizes the genomic architecture and natural variation associated with reproductive timing, the integration of temperature with photoperiodic and stress-responsive pathways, and the hormonal and metabolic changes that support inflorescence stem elongation. Particular attention is given to phytochrome-associated variation, heat-responsive transcription factors, LsSOC1, auxin and gibberellin signaling, and carbohydrate remodeling. We further discuss how these findings can inform genome editing, marker-assisted and genomic selection, and cultivation strategies. Together, current evidence indicates that heat-induced bolting arises from coordinated environmental signal integration, reproductive commitment, and hormone-dependent stem growth rather than from a single linear thermosensory pathway.
As global temperatures increase, heat stress has become a key limiting factor affecting crop yield and quality. Against the backdrop of growing global food demand and increasingly frequent extreme high-temperature events, this dual pressure poses a threat to global food security. This review systematically analyzes the physiological effects of heat on major crops, focusing on source-sink relationships and nutrient transport processes. We summarize key heat-related genes identified in these crops through forward and reverse genetic approaches, elucidating the mechanisms underlying heat signal perception and transduction across genetic, transcriptional, protein, metabolic, cell membrane, nuclear, and organellar levels. Furthermore, we explore the complex crosstalk between heat and other abiotic/biotic stresses in crops. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future avenues for breeding heat-resilient crops to ensure stable agricultural productivity.
Liangxing Guo, Junxiang Ruan, Qin Yu et al.· Journal of Integrative Plant...· 0 citations
Persistent global warming significantly impacts crop phenology and productivity, with perennial fruit trees facing heightened challenges due to their long life cycles and complex heat stress accumulation. Apple and pear, which hold substantial economic and nutritional value, are particularly vulnerable to high temperatures, manifesting as accelerated phenology, impaired floral organ development, disrupted pollination and fertilization, and insufficient fruit coloration—all of which severely compromise fruit quality and commercial value. Although recent advances have been made in elucidating heat stress signal transduction and regulatory networks in model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice, research on heat stress responses in apple and pear remains limited. This review systematically synthesizes the physiological responses, gene expression regulation, and protective cultivation strategies under high-temperature stress in apple and pear, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for thermotolerance breeding and the establishment of heat stress regulatory networks, thereby supporting sustainable production in the context of global warming.
Gang-gang Niu, Yue Yao, Longfei Li et al.· Plants· 0 citations
Global warming has increased the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events, threatening crop productivity and food security. Plant reproductive development is particularly vulnerable to high temperature, and even brief heat episodes can markedly reduce seed set. Heat stress disrupts multiple reproductive stages, including flowering, male and female gametophyte development, pollination, fertilization, and early seed development. Thus, reproductive thermotolerance requires coordinated regulation across developmental stages and tissue systems. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of how high temperature affects plant reproduction from floral initiation to seed formation and summarize the underlying molecular mechanisms, including heat sensing, proteostasis, redox regulation, metabolism, and hormonal control. We further discuss strategies for improving reproductive heat resilience through breeding, biotechnology, and crop management. By framing reproductive thermotolerance as an integrated property of cellular and tissue homeostasis, this review provides a conceptual foundation for future mechanistic studies and for developing crops better adapted to a warming climate.
Jing-Wen Chu, Shu Chang, Hong-Ju Li· New Phytologist· 0 citations
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