Aug 2026· Obesity Reviews· pp.
e70206
· 0 citations· 13 references
Medicine
TL;DR
This scoping review will synthesize implementation factors affecting obesity care in PHC, informing scalable strategies and policy to improve obesity management worldwide.
Abstract
Background
Obesity is a major public health challenge worldwide, driving chronic disease and health care costs. Primary health care (PHC) is a key setting for prevention, early identification, and management of obesity, yet implementation of evidence-based interventions remains limited. Identifying the barriers and enablers that influence adoption of obesity care in PHC is critical to strengthen delivery.
Objective
This scoping review will systematically map and synthesize barriers and enablers to implementing obesity interventions in PHC, considering behavioral, nutritional, pharmacological, digital, and organizational approaches, across both adult and pediatric populations.
Methods
The review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and be reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, complemented by gray literature from OpenGrey, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and organizational websites. Eligible sources will include peer-reviewed and gray literature published between 2019 and 2025 in English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, or Turkish. Two reviewers will independently screen, extract, and analyze data, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Data will be synthesized descriptively and thematically, supported by NVivo, and results presented in tables, thematic maps, and conceptual diagrams. Expected Results Anticipated barriers include time constraints, limited provider training, stigma, scarce resources, and inadequate reimbursement models. Enablers are expected to include supportive health policies, training, patient engagement strategies, and team-based care models.
Conclusions
This review will synthesize implementation factors affecting obesity care in PHC, informing scalable strategies and policy to improve obesity management worldwide.
Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health problem in both developing and developed countries. It is a chronic, complex, and progressive disease influenced by multiple genetic, psychological, dietary, familial, environmental, and biological factors. It is associated with a wide range of short- and long-term multiorgan complications, many of which persist into adulthood, increasing the risk of chronic multimorbidity. Therefore, early prevention and appropriate treatment are essential.
Aim: To review current therapeutic strategies for pediatric obesity, focusing on lifestyle and behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery, and to evaluate their effectiveness and clinical applicability.
Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, focusing mainly on studies published after 2020 addressing lifestyle, psychological, pharmacological, and surgical management of obesity in children and adolescents.
Results: The therapeutic approach is holistic, based on sustainable lifestyle modification, including dietary changes, physical activity, reduced sedentary behavior, and family involvement. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is crucial in modifying maladaptive behaviors. Pharmacotherapy has expanded options, with GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide) showing the greatest effectiveness, while orlistat, phentermine/topiramate, and setmelanotide may provide additional benefit. Bariatric surgery remains the most effective intervention for severe adolescent obesity, resulting in substantial and sustained weight loss.
Conclusions: Management should be multidisciplinary, with individualized behavioral and psychological interventions as the foundation. Pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery should be considered in selected patients with severe obesity or inadequate response to conservative treatment.
Julia Rokosz, Krzysztof Mazur, Sandra Michałek et al.· Quality in Sport· 0 citations
Obesity has emerged as one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of obesity among adults increased from approximately 7% in 1990 to 16% in 2022, while obesity among children and adolescents aged 5–19 years increased from 2% to 8% during the same period. The continuous rise of overweight and obesity in both developed and developing countries contributes significantly to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases, driven primarily by changes in dietary habits, urbanization, and increasingly sedentary lifestyles.
This narrative review aims to explore the main determinants of obesity and to examine current evidence on prevention strategies from a public health perspective. A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2018 and 2024 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Relevant international guidelines, policy reports, and epidemiological data were also included to provide a broader public health perspective.
The reviewed evidence indicates that obesity results from a complex interaction of behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic determinants. High intake of energy-dense and ultra-processed foods, reduced physical activity, and increased sedentary behavior were consistently identified as major contributing factors. Multicomponent interventions combining nutrition education with physical activity promotion generally demonstrated more favorable outcomes than single-component approaches. However, socioeconomic inequalities and limited access to healthy food environments remain significant barriers to intervention effectiveness.
These findings underscore the need for comprehensive public health approaches that address both individual behaviors and broader environmental influences. Strengthening community-based programs, improving access to nutritious foods, and promoting active lifestyles are essential strategies for reducing the long-term health consequences of obesity at the population level.
Merjem Bushati, R. Nezaj· BIO Web of Conferences· 0 citations
Objective Individuals affected with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are always at higher risk for developing oral diseases. The current scoping review was undertaken to map the extent, range and nature of the recent evidence on oral-health promotion and prevention in adults with T2DM, focusing on patient awareness, provider practices, barriers to care, and preventive strategies. Methods The review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework as refined by Levac et al. and is reported in line with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ProQuest and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2015 and 2025. Records were screened independently by two reviewers against pre-defined eligibility criteria; data were charted and synthesized narratively into themes aligned to the research questions. Results Of 412 records identified, nine peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. Three themes were identified: (i) associations between oral-hygiene practices, glycemic control and oral-health outcomes; (ii) patient knowledge and awareness of the diabetes–oral-health link; and (iii) healthcare-provider awareness and interprofessional collaboration. The evidence indicated that many patients are unaware of their increased oral-health risk and that oral-health guidance is inconsistently delivered by healthcare professionals however, where guidance was provided, oral-hygiene behaviors and outcomes were improved. Conclusions Within the limits of the current study, it could be concluded that oral health is under-addressed in T2DM care and that patient awareness and interprofessional referral pathways are frequently inadequate. These findings support the need for coordinated, evidence-based oral-health promotion within diabetes management and for higher-quality primary studies.
Yahya S Alholimie, Diaa Almutairi, Esraa Nassir Almarzooq et al.· Frontiers in Medicine· 0 citations
Objective: To review the epidemiology, metabolic consequences, preventive measures, and evidence-basedmanagement strategies for childhood obesity.
Study Design: Structured narrative reviewPlace and Duration of Study: This study was conducted through searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for relevant publications from January 2016 to June 2026.
Methods: Guidelines and reports from recognized organizations, including the World Health Organization andAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, were also reviewed.
Results: The reviewed evidence demonstrated a substantial global rise in childhood obesity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries experiencing urbanization, dietary transition, reduced physical activity, and increased sedentary behavior. Childhood obesity was consistently associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and adverse psychosocial outcomes.
Conclusion: Childhood obesity requires a comprehensive, non-stigmatizing, and stepped-care approach. Early prevention, structured lifestyle treatment, timely pharmacotherapy, and metabolic/bariatric surgery for eligible adolescents can reduce obesity-related complications and improve long-term health outcomes.
Sahreen Gul Qureshi· Medical Forum Monthly· 0 citations
Obesity remains a global health crisis characterized by substantial heterogeneity in diagnosis, management, and policy implementation. Although numerous national and international clinical practice guidelines have been published over the past decade, their translation into evidence-based and equitable care remains inconsistent. This narrative review critically evaluates 47 obesity guidelines published between 2014 and 2026 across North America, Europe, Latin America, the Asia-Pacific region, and the World Health Organization to identify conceptual, structural, and implementation gaps that continue to fragment obesity care. Despite broad recognition of obesity as a chronic, relapsing disease, most guidelines continue to rely primarily on body mass index (BMI), with limited incorporation of accessible anthropometric measures, body composition assessment, and metabolic phenotyping. Lifestyle recommendations for nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral interventions remain largely descriptive, while access to pharmacotherapy and metabolic surgery is strongly influenced by regulatory and socioeconomic factors. Emerging advances, including GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual incretin therapies, body composition-guided assessment, and anti-stigma approaches, have been only partially incorporated into routine recommendations. Rather than redefining obesity, this review proposes a pragmatic, implementation-oriented framework that integrates scalable strategies including anthropometric risk assessment, healthy dietary patterns, physical activity, behavioral support, non-stigmatizing care, and equitable access to effective therapies with selective use of precision medicine and body composition assessment. Greater harmonization of clinical, behavioral, compositional, and policy domains is needed to achieve feasible, equitable, and sustainable improvements in metabolic and functional health outcomes.
Obesity remains one of the most significant medical and social problems in the Russian Federation, serving as a key risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. This review presents a systematic analysis of current data on the molecular and genetic basis of obesity, based on literature search and analysis in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and RSCI databases. The contribution of key genes to the development of metabolic disorders is examined, and the potential applications of genetic testing for personalizing preventive measures are evaluated. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the “Healthy Nutrition” educational cluster as an innovative model integrating scientific research, educational programs, and practical healthcare. Based on a comprehensive data analysis, practical algorithms for personalized prevention using genetic testing are proposed, the effectiveness of digital educational platforms is assessed, and organizational and economic aspects of implementing the cluster model in the Russian healthcare system are examined in detail. Particular importance is given to the development of practical recommendations for implementing a personalized approach in clinical practice and the public healthcare system. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of educational clusters for improving the obesity prevention system and can be used in developing targeted regional programs for public health promotion, which will contribute to reducing morbidity and improving the quality of life of the population.Keywords: For citation: Soshina M.S., Lapik I.A., Gapparova K.M., Tarmaeva I.Yu. Personalized obesity prevention: from genetic predictors to practical solutions. Zdravookhranenie Rossiiskoi Federatsii / Health Care of the Russian Federation, Russian journal. 2026; 70(3): 225–229. https://doi.org/10.47470/0044-197X-2026-70-3-225-229 https://elibrary.ru/vjaycl (in Russian)For correspondence: Maria S. Soshina, e-mail: maria.soshina@gmail.com; Irina A. Lapik, e-mail: lapik_@inbox.ruContribution of the authors: Soshina M.S., Lapik I.A. — material collection and processing, writing the text, editing, references compilation; Gapparova K.M., Tarmaeva I.Yu. — research concept and design, editing, final approval. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Funding. The study was conducted as part of the state assignment FGMF-2023-0002.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Received: August 18, 2025 / Accepted: April 24, 2026 / Published: July 28, 2026
M. Soshina, I. Lapik, K. Gapparova et al.· Health Care of the Russian F...· 0 citations
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