Bioconversion of Agricultural Residues into Nutrient-Enriched Biofertilizers Using Trichoderma sp.: Effects of Substrate Type and Incubation Time

Abstract

Simple Summary The study demonstrated the potential of Trichoderma sp. to convert agricultural wastes into nutrient-enriched biofertilizers. Significant effects of substrate type and incubation period were observed on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations. Guinea corn husk yielded the highest nitrogen content (0.901%), rice husk recorded the greatest phosphorus concentration (2.497%), while sawdust yielded the highest potassium content (2.389%) after 15 days of incubation. Nutrient accumulation generally increased with contact time, reflecting enhanced microbial decomposition and mineralization of organic substrates. The findings highlight the feasibility of utilizing locally available agricultural residues for sustainable biofertilizer production, nutrient recycling, and environmentally friendly soil fertility management.