Nonlinear Simulation of Load Distribution in long Stud Connector rows

Abstract

In steel and composite structures, load introduction often occurs locally from steel cross‐sections into concrete foundations. Long rows of headed stud connectors have proven effective for this, as they are easy to weld and, due to their high redundancy, provide reliable load‐bearing behaviour. Especially in bridge construction, where studs are subjected to significant fatigue loading, precise knowledge of the maximum loads and their redistributions is crucial to ensure sufficient fatigue resistance. However, the large number of studs results in a highly redundant system in which the loads are distributed unevenly, depending on the stiffness of the individual components. This study shows how forces distribute along the connection length. Nonlinear FE simulations illustrate how crack formation and unloading influences the load distribution in long stud rows. Studs were modelled either in full detail or as springs with load slip relationships from the literature, leading to deviations of 22% to 45% compared to linear elastic analyses. The results reveal how load redistributions affect individual studs and identify the stud with the largest load fluctuation during unloading.