A marginally increased risk for PD is observed after higher levels of exposure to O 3 (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06 per IQR) for exposure 6–16 years before the index date, suggesting a possible role of ozone in PD development even at low exposure levels, which requires further studies.
Abstract
This Finnish population-nested case-control (FINPARK) study investigates the association between long-term exposure to six gaseous air pollutants and PD risk. Incident PD cases (
n
= 22,189) between 1996 and 2015 were identified from the Finnish medical reimbursement register maintained by the Finnish Social Security Institution. Age-, sex- and region-matched cases (
n
= 148,009) were identified from the Finnish population register. Time-weighted average air pollution exposure was modelled at the residential address for 16 years preceding the PD diagnosis. We observed a marginally increased risk for PD after higher levels of exposure to O
3
(OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06 per IQR) for exposure 6–16 years before the index date. Inverse associations were observed for NO
X
, NO
2
, CO and SO
2
, potentially due to the strong negative correlation with O
3
. No association with NH
3
was observed. This may suggest a possible role of ozone in PD development even at low exposure levels, which requires further studies.
Air pollution at least 4 years before hospitalization may increase the odds of hospitalization with Parkinson’s Disease, and reducing air pollution exposure may have long-term effects on PD prevention.
Scott W. Delaney, Lauren Mock, Veronica A. Wang et al.· Environmental Epidemiology· 0 citations
Positive associations between long-term exposure to NO2 and CKD incidence were greater in never smokers than in ever-smokers, and stronger associations among never-smokers suggest that environmental exposures may independently influence kidney health.
Gonzalo Hevia-Ramos, Jiawei Zhang, Stephane Tuffier et al.· Journal of Exposure Science...· 0 citations
Abstract Objective To investigate associations between short-term fluctuations in urban background air pollution and the incidence of COVID-19 across three Swedish cities using detailed individual-level data. Methods A case-crossover analysis was conducted using individual-level data from a prospective cohort of adults across three Swedish cities (Stockholm, Gothenburg and Uppsala), including 3999 confirmed COVID-19 cases. Subjects were classified as cases on the date of their first positive PCR test, which occurred between 7 March 2020 and 26 January 2022. Exposure data for daily levels of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were obtained from urban background monitoring stations. Lag-specific and cumulative associations were examined using distributed lag models and distributed lag non-linear models, adjusting for meteorological variables. Results A significant association was observed between elevated PM2.5 levels and testing positive for COVID-19 on the same day (lag 0), with an OR of 1.084 (95% CI 1.011 to 1.162) per IQR (3.3 µg/m³) increase. Similar lag 0 effects were found across the three cities. For PM10, the most consistent associations were observed at lag 3. For NO2, significant effects at lag 0 emerged only after excluding the final COVID-19 wave. Subgroup analyses showed similar effects among individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, though results were less consistent. Conclusions Our findings suggest that short-term fluctuations in air pollution, particularly for PM2.5, are associated with the timing of confirmed COVID-19 cases. A possible explanation for the short lag association is that air pollution exacerbates symptoms, prompting individuals to seek testing, rather than directly facilitating new infections.
Andreas Tornevi, C. Janson, Andreas Palm et al.· BMJ Open Respiratory Researc...· 0 citations
Ambient air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
), has been linked to cerebrovascular disease. However, findings on the short-term effects of PM
2.5
exposure on hemorrhagic stroke (HS) have been inconsistent across studies. Therefore, this study investigated the association between short-term PM
2.5
exposure and HS hospitalization in Yancheng, China.
An individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted using hospitalization records of patients with HS from four major hospitals in Yancheng between 2022 and 2024. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate the associations between short-term PM
2.5
exposure and HS hospitalization across different lag structures. Stratified analyses were further performed according to sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, and season.
A total of 2,312 patients hospitalized for HS were included in the analysis. The strongest association was observed at lag01, where each 10 μg/m
3
increase in PM
2.5
concentration was associated with a 3.24% increase in HS hospitalization (95% CI: 0.55%−6.00%). Significant increases were also observed at lag0 and lag1, with corresponding effect estimates of 2.50% (95% CI: 0.11%−4.95%) and 2.76% (95% CI: 0.32%−5.27%), respectively. The associations remained significant after adjustment for ozone (O
3
) but were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for sulfur dioxide (SO
2
), nitrogen dioxide (NO
2
), and carbon monoxide (CO). Relatively stronger effect estimates were observed among females, older adults, individuals with hypertension or diabetes, smokers, alcohol consumers, and during the cold season.
Short-term PM
2.5
exposure was associated with an increased risk of HS hospitalization in Yancheng, China, with the strongest effects observed within the first two days after exposure. The associations were more pronounced among susceptible populations and during the cold season.
K. Qian, Xiao-Rong Xu, Chunxiang Xu et al.· Frontiers in Public Health· 0 citations
The study on DM-2 incidence does not support the previously identified associations between environmental exposures and DM-2 prevalence, and a wide range of environmental exposures were not associated with DM-2 incidence.
A. P. Smit, B. Loef, J. Klompmaker et al.· Environmental Research· 0 citations
