2021· International Journal of Modern Innovations and Emerging Trends· 0 citations
TL;DR
The paper is a systematic and multifaceted review of the new trends in cyber-physical security of smart factories, and looks at the threat landscapes, attack vectors, architecture weaknesses, and intersection of the information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) worlds.
Abstract
By Industry 4.0 has resulted in the prevalence of smart factories, in which there is a close relationship between computation, communication, and physical processes through cyber-physical systems (CPS). Even though productivity, flexibility, and efficiency are improved under this integration, new security challenges that have never been experienced previously and go beyond the traditional cybersecurity boundaries are created. Cyber-physical security (CPSec) is the provision of defensive of the cyber components, as well as physical processes against malicious attacks, failures, and system anomalies. The paper is a systematic and multifaceted review of the new trends in cyber-physical security of smart factories. It looks at the threat landscapes, attack vectors, architecture weaknesses, and intersection of the information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) worlds. In addition, the article evaluates the innovative defense systems such as artificial intelligence-based intrusion detection systems, blockchain-based trust management systems, zero-trust-based architectures, and security validation using digital twins. An adaptable, resilient, and real-time threat response-focused layered security approach is suggested to smart manufacturing settings. Recent experimental data on the role of advanced CPSec strategies is presented based on the considerations of industrial case studies and simulations. Lastly, the paper identifies open research problems and future directions requirements in order to establish robust, scale up and smart cyber-physical security systems in next generation smart factories.
With the fast pace of digitalization of transport infrastructure, smart elements and technologies have been integrated into railway networks and smart port operations, improving the degree of automation, real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and efficient logistics management. While all these developments enhance the efficiency and reliability of operations, they create new cybersecurity challenges with the increasing interconnections between cyber and physical elements. Such cyber threats as malware, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, GPS spoofing, insider attacks, false data injection, and sensor tampering can impact transportation operations, tamper with operational data, and pose a threat to public safety for critical infrastructures. This research introduces an intelligent cyber-physical security framework for integrated railway and smart port operations, which integrates artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, edge computing, blockchain-based secure communication, modeling and simulation with a digital twin, and decision support functions to create an all-encompassing cybersecurity architecture for the integrated transportation systems. The proposed framework was able to continuously retrieve diverse operational data from the railway signaling systems, smart port automation equipment, industrial control systems, IoT sensors, surveillance systems, communication networks, and logistics databases for real-time security analysis. Intelligent threat detection and classification are achieved with the help of advanced AI algorithms, and blockchain technology offers secure authentication and trusted information sharing and tamper-resistant data management. Edge computing can minimize communication delays by analyzing security data near operational assets, while digital twin technology can be used for predictive security risk evaluation, cyberattack simulation, infrastructure monitoring, and assessing infrastructure resilience. The experimental evaluation of the performance shows the ability to detect intrusions with better accuracy, false alarm rate, throughput, response time, and AUC values than the traditional machine learning and deep learning models.
A. S. Anshad, Kunal G. Srinivas, Sahana S. Kumar et al.· International journal of com...· 0 citations
Internet of Things (IoT) has become a new paradigm that combines physical devices with computing and networking features to form intelligent systems that can accomplish their tasks with minimal human interaction. It is estimated that by 2030, there will be more than 30 billion interconnected IoT devices, which will transfer more than 40 zettabytes of data each year. Nevertheless, this exponential increase has brought surprising cybersecurity issues, and recent evaluations show that over 70% of IoT devices are susceptible to hacking. This review examines the complex security environment of IoT ecosystems, evaluates vulnerabilities at each layer of architecture, explores new threat vectors, and assesses new defense solutions. This paper introduces a systematic review of IoT security issues based on a five-layer architecture and specifically focuses on the vulnerabilities of the network and application layers. It examines the ways in which artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, edge computing, and Zero Trust Architecture will transform IoT security paradigms. This review helps reveal long-standing issues such as resource limitations, device heterogeneity, and scaling challenges through the analysis of actual attack cases and defenses in the field of smart healthcare, industrial IoT, smart cities, and other vital infrastructures. Recommendations on future research directions are then given at the end of the paper with an emphasis on quantum-resistant cryptography, 6G network security, and standardized security frameworks required to construct resilient IoT ecosystems.
Muhammad Sami Intizar, Maria Sikandar, Aqsa Siddique et al.· Journal of Computational and...· 0 citations
Overall, this review demonstrates that blockchain-based cybersecurity frameworks provide a secure, transparent, and resilient foundation for protecting smart digital environments against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats while supporting trustworthy and scalable digital transformation.
M. Kayla, Crispinus Ode, Marion Sanaipei· The Eastasouth Journal of In...· 0 citations
The smart grid systems are increasingly becoming digital where the system is taking a new direction into greater operational efficiency and real time energy management. The increased number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and communication networks has widened the area of attack as well, thus smart grids are vulnerable to more sophisticated cyber attacks like false data injection, denial-of-data manipulation and service attacks. The traditional centralized security controls are not sufficient because of the limitation of single point failure, scalability limitations, and demand decentralized and resilient security controls. The use of blockchain technology in this regard has become a potential solution in order to improve the level of security by utilizing the transparent, decentralized, and immutable features of the technology. To provide cybersecurity approaches of smart grid systems, a taxonomical structure of blockchain technology is proposed in this paper. Besides that it shows the categorization of the various techniques into secure data management, secure energy trading, device authentication, data integrity assurance and communication protection. A detailed analysis of existing works was undertaken to determine their efficiency based on the security, scale and complexity of implementation. The results of the review describe some of the major challenges, such as latency and energy overhead and provide future research opportunities on effective smart grid security frameworks.
F. Basheer, Hari Gobind Pathak, Meena Malik et al.· International Conference on...· 0 citations
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), a combination of embedded computing, communication networks, and physical processes, are increasingly reshaping clinical practice, pharmaceutical supply chains, and hospital infrastructure. This review covers key principles of Medical CPS design; major interoperability frameworks such as FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources), IEEE 11073, and DICOM; and critical cybersecurity risks that threaten patient safety and data integrity, including ransomware, man-in-the-middle, denial-of-service, and data injection attacks. A review of the literature from 2020 to the present (2025) shows that architectural fragmentation has continued, that there is a lack of harmonised security-by-design standards, and that there is a lack of regulatory guidance on real-time MCPS deployments. Some promising mitigation strategies, such as blockchain-based trust frameworks, AI-powered intrusion detection, and digital twin validation, are introduced. The papers conclusion recommends a research agenda for interoperability protocols, context-aware security models, and international regulatory convergence as essential factors for implementing safe and scalable MCPS.
Emmanuel Nkansah, M. Oladosu, M. Abah et al.· International Journal of Pre...· 0 citations
Digital transformation has been a game-changer for financial institutions, driving the bank industry's evolution into a more real-time, cloud-based, mobile, and AI-enabled financial landscape. While all these technological developments have boosted operational efficiency and customer service, they have also created new opportunities for cyber criminals to attack financial organizations with powerful and sophisticated means like ransomware, phishing, insider threats, Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks, identity theft, and financial fraud. This has given rise to the need for extensive cyber security systems to be a strategic necessity and not a technical necessity. In this paper, the authors explore modern approaches to cybersecurity frameworks for digital financial institutions, reviewing methodologies for assessing risk, governance of security, regulatory compliance, and innovations like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Blockchain, and Zero Trust Architecture. The study provides an overview of existing cybersecurity frameworks such as the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, ISO/IEC 27001, COBIT and PCI DSS, along with financial regulatory frameworks. In addition, a conceptual framework is suggested for enhancing cyber-resilience based on continuous monitoring, threat intelligence, automated incident response, and adaptive security controls. The findings have shown that the combination of intelligent security solutions and a standardized governance model not only increases the resilience of the organisation, but also reduces cyber risks, facilitates compliance with regulatory requirements and safeguard the trust of customers. The proposed framework offers a scalable and proactive strategy for financial institutions to address the escalating cyber threats in the ever-engaging digital landscape.
Vladimir Glushkov, Victor Glushkov· International Journal of Com...· 0 citations
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