Assessment of Factors Influencing Farm Implement Purchase and Constraints Faced by Farmers in Kachchh District, Gujarat, India

Analysis of Factors Influencing Adoption of Organic Onion Production by Farmers in Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto State, Nigeria

This study examined the factors influencing the adoption of organic onion production and the constraints faced by farmers in Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed, involving the purposive selection of seven villages (Dundaye, Gumbi, Kwalkwalawa, Kammata, Bini, Kasarawa, and Gatare). From each village, 10 organic onion farmers were randomly selected, yielding a total sample size of 70 respondents. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs) with the aid of trained enumerators, while secondary data were obtained from relevant literature, including textbooks, journals, reports, and statistical publications. The Small Plot Adoption Technique (SPAT) was used to determine the level of adoption of organic onion production practices by assessing the proportion of cultivated land under organic management by each farmer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. The results revealed that economic and institutional factors were the most influential drivers of adoption, accounting for 27.5% and 22.5%, respectively, followed by medicinal benefits (14.2%), organic manure use (15%), and extension services (10.0%). The study further identified major constraints affecting organic onion production, including inadequate storage facilities (59.17%), inadequate capital (50.83%), high cost of labour (40.83%), high cost of organic manure (25.00%), limited access to bio-pesticides (23.33%), poor extension services (17.50%), small farm holdings (15.00%), inaccessibility to improved seeds (10.00%), poor market prices (5.83%), inadequate credit facilities (3.33%), and pests and diseases (3.33%). The study concludes that despite the growing adoption of organic onion production, farmers are significantly constrained by infrastructural, financial, and institutional challenges. It is recommended that government and development agencies strengthen extension services, improve access to credit and organic inputs, and support farmer cooperatives to enhance production efficiency and market access. Future studies should consider comparative analyses between organic and conventional onion production systems to better assess yield differentials and economic viability.

Assessment of Constraints Affecting the Adoption of Recommended Rice Production Technologies among Rice Growers in Karnal District of Haryana, India

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop of paramount importance to food security in India, yet its productivity remains constrained by a complex interplay of technical, economic and marketing barriers at the farm level. The present study was undertaken to identify, analyse and rank the key constraints affecting the adoption of recommended rice production technologies among smallholder farmers in Karnal district, Haryana. A multi-stage sampling design was employed, in which three blocks (Karnal, Gharaunda and Nilokheri) were selected on the basis of their relatively low rice productivity. Five villages were selected from each block, resulting in a total of fifteen villages. Subsequently, ten rice growers were selected from each village, yielding a total sample of 150 respondents. Primary data were collected from the respondents using a structured interview schedule. The findings revealed that inadequate awareness of scientific recommendations (Garrett Mean Score = 62.4) was the most important technical constraint. High labour costs and the scarcity of local agricultural labour (71.8) constituted the leading economic constraint, whereas price fluctuations and inadequate realisation of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) (Garrett Mean Score = 64.2) constituted the major marketing constraint. Among the suggested measures, subsidies for farm machinery through Custom Hiring Centres (70.8) received the highest economic priority; strengthening agricultural extension services through regular training programmes and field demonstrations (69.5) was the leading technical suggestion; and ensuring effective MSP implementation with timely procurement (69.0) was the principal marketing suggestion. The study recommends strengthening extension services, improving access to quality inputs, promoting farm mechanisation and enhancing market-support systems to improve the adoption of recommended rice production technologies.

Factors influencing farmers’ attitude and participation in the national agricultural development fund intervention programmes in selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria

This study examined the factors influencing farmers’ attitude and participation in the National Agricultural Development Fund (NADF) intervention programmes in Zaria, Sabon Gari, and Makarfi Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 343 respondents from a sampling frame of 2,386 farmers. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that most respondents were male, married, and within the economically active age group, with a mean age of 42.6 years. The regression analysis on farmers’ attitude showed that age, educational level, farming experience, programme awareness, trust in government programmes, and perceived benefits significantly influenced farmers’ attitude toward NADF programmes. The model produced an R² value of 0.53 and an F-value of 24.63. The participation model revealed that farm size, annual farm income, cooperative membership, access to extension services, frequency of extension contact, and access to agricultural credit significantly influenced farmers’ participation in NADF programmes. The model recorded an R² value of 0.57 and an F-value of 28.11, while access to agricultural credit emerged as the strongest determinant of participation. Major constraints identified included inadequate access to credit, delay in loan disbursement, inadequate extension contact, poor awareness, and high cost of farm inputs. The study concluded that socio-economic, institutional, and programme-related factors significantly influence farmers’ attitude and participation in NADF intervention programmes. It recommends improved access to credit, strengthened extension services, effective awareness campaigns, and transparent programme implementation.

Determinants of Farmers’ Willingness to Grow Potato on a Commercial Scale in Rupandehi District, Nepal

Despite being an important food and cash crop in Nepal, commercialization of potato is limited. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of farmers’ willingness to grow potatoes on a commercial scale, as well as the encouraging and limiting factors, in Rupandehi district, Nepal. Employing a purposive random sampling, 120 farm households were selected from seven municipalities. Primary data were collected in 2025 through household surveys using a pretested semi-structured interview schedule, while Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted with selected participants. Descriptive statistics and a probit model were used for data analysis. The results revealed that farming experience, access to labor, landholding size and access to subsidy were key determinants that positively affected farmers’ willingness to commercialize potato cultivation, while age had a negative effect. Farmers reported better market access, availability of improved seeds, higher selling prices and financial support as major motivating factors for commercialization. Similarly, farmers reported risks of crop failure, lack of capital, small landholdings and unstable prices as major barriers. Thus, the study highlights the need for targeted policy actions such as providing timely access to quality inputs, expanding financial support, stabilizing market prices and promoting collective approaches to address landholding issues to enhance farmers’ involvement in commercial potato production.  

Modeling the key factors shaping farmer’s adoption of VietGAP standards: a case study in Central Vietnam

Utilization Pattern of KCC Loan and Income Generation among Small Scale Farmers in North Eastern Region of India: An Empirical Study in Manipur

Access to timely and affordable institutional credit is essential for enabling smallholder farmers to meet production costs, adopt improved agricultural practices, and strengthen farm-based livelihoods. The Kisan Credit Card scheme was introduced to provide flexible credit support for agricultural and allied activities; however, evidence on its utilisation and income implications in Manipur remains limited. The study examined the utilisation pattern of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) loans and income generation among smallholder farmers in the valley areas of Manipur, India. Four districts were selected purposively, and primary data were collected from 400 respondents, comprising 200 KCC beneficiaries and 200 non-beneficiaries. Descriptive statistics, the Gini concentration ratio, the Lorenz curve, and the Garrett ranking technique were used for analysis. Beneficiary farmers recorded an average rice yield of 5,085.70 kg per hectare and gross income of ₹1,37,314 per hectare, compared with 3,993.26 kg per hectare and ₹1,07,818 per hectare among non-beneficiaries. Average household earnings from winter and summer crops were ₹26,124 for beneficiaries and ₹18,605 for non-beneficiaries, while earnings from livestock and fishery were ₹1,01,163 and ₹86,763, respectively. The Gini concentration ratio was 0.65 for beneficiaries and 0.86 for non-beneficiaries, indicating comparatively more uniform income distribution among beneficiaries. The largest average KCC loan amount was received for piggery enterprises, followed by fishery and rice cultivation. For rice production, the greatest expenditure was incurred on land preparation, harvesting and threshing, weeding, and fertiliser purchases. Inadequate loan amounts, lack of insurance coverage, distant bank locations, and delayed disbursement were major constraints among beneficiaries. Lack of awareness and limited knowledge of the banking system were prominent barriers among non-beneficiaries.