Endophytic Paenibacillus lactis PEL6 from Mitrephora heyneana as a Source of Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Metabolites: In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation

Endophytic fungus Muyocopron dipterocarpi isolated from Catharanthus roseus as a novel producer of ajmalicine and other metabolites: insights from HPLC and LC-HRMS analysis

Morpho-molecular approach reveals a myco-endophyte, Aspergillus novoparasiticus CBS126849 (MTCC-13997) from the roots of Capparis decidua with therapeutic and enzymatic potential

Insecticidal metabolites from Serratia marcescens associated with the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): molecular identification, metabolomic profiling and molecular docking insights

The fall armyworm (S. frugiperda) has developed resistance to numerous insecticides and is currently considered one of the most destructive pests threatening global crop production. Consequently, the development of environmentally sustainable pest management strategies has become increasingly important. Insect-associated pathogenic bacteria represent a promising source of bioactive metabolites with potential insecticidal properties. In the present study, pathogenic bacteria associated with S. frugiperda were isolated and molecularly identified as Serratia marcescens strain INS420 based on 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The secondary metabolites produced by this bacterium demonstrated significant insecticidal activity under both laboratory and field conditions. Metabolic profiling of the extracted compounds was performed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), revealing the presence of several bioactive compounds, including diketopiperazines, fatty acids and their esters, squalene, phthalate derivatives, and a cardenolide. To gain insights into the potential mechanism of action, molecular docking simulations were conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of the identified metabolites with S. frugiperda acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Among the detected compounds, squalene and several fatty acid derivatives exhibited stable interactions within the active site of the enzyme, suggesting a possible inhibitory effect on AChE activity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that S. marcescens associated with S. frugiperda produces metabolites with notable insecticidal potential and highlight insect-associated pathogenic bacteria as a valuable source of bioactive compounds for the sustainable management of fall armyworm.

Isolation and characterization of an endophytic Streptomyces sp. YBRX0 from Croton tonkinensis and assessment of its bioactive potential

The rise of antimicrobial resistance and emerging infectious diseases necessitates the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Endophytic actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces species colonizing medicinal plant tissues, constitute a reservoir of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites that remains insufficiently characterized. This study reports the isolation and comprehensive characterization of an endophytic actinomycete, designated strain YBRX0, recovered from the root tissues of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Croton tonkinensis Gagnep. Strain identity was established through an integrated approach combining colony morphology, scanning electron microscopy, physiological and biochemical profiling, and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis. Bioactivity screening of the ethyl acetate fermentation extract employed agar well diffusion to assess antibacterial spectrum, with inhibitory potency quantified by broth microdilution. Antioxidant capacity was measured via DPPH radical scavenging, and secondary metabolite composition was profiled by GC–MS. The integrated characterization placed strain YBRX0 unambiguously within the genus. At 1 mg/mL, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, with MIC values ranging from 8 to 16 μg/mL. Antioxidant screening yielded an IC₅₀ of 197.26 ± 8.87 μg/mL. GC–MS tentatively identified Pyrrolopyrazine diketopiperazines and Benzeneacetamide as principal constituents. Collectively, these findings indicate that the crude extract of Streptomyces sp. YBRX0 exhibited notable antibacterial activity despite being an unfractionated mixture, supporting its potential as a promising source of bioactive metabolites for further bioprospecting and compound isolation efforts targeting drug-resistant pathogens.

Enhancing 3-O-methylfunicone production by endophytic Talaromyces pinophilus J6 through culture optimization and its anti-Helicobacter pylori activity

It is demonstrated that culture optimization is an efficient biotechnological strategy to improve 3O-methylfunicone production and support the further investigation of this compound as a scaffold for anti-H.

Bioactivity Screening and GC–MS Profiling of Endophytic Fungi From the Medicinal Plant Munronia pinnata

Endophytic fungi inhabiting medicinal plants represent a largely untapped reservoir of biologically active compounds with potential therapeutic value. This study reports the isolation of endophytic fungi associated with the medicinal plant Munronia pinnata , followed by morphological and molecular characterization, secondary metabolite extraction, evaluation of anti‐microbial and anti‐oxidant properties, and metabolite profiling by GC–MS. A total of 18 endophytic fungi were isolated, including Colletotrichum , Aspergillus , Diaporthe , and Fusarium . Colletotrichum plurivorum and Aspergillus aculeatinus were identified by multi‐locus phylogeny and exhibited broad‐spectrum anti‐microbial activity, with zones of inhibition ranging from 17 ± 1 to 42 ± 2 mm in the agar plug diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The ethyl acetate extracts of C. plurivorum and A. aculeatinus showed zones of inhibition of 15 ± 1 to 23 ± 1 mm in the agar disc diffusion assay, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 31.5 to 125 µg/mL against the same set of pathogens. The ethyl acetate extract of A. aculeatinus exhibited potent anti‐oxidant activity in both the ferric reducing anti‐oxidant power and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation scavenging (IC 50 value of 15.6 ± 0.3 µg/mL) assays. GC–MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract revealed 12 compounds from C. plurivorum and 16 from A. aculeatinus , likely contributing to the observed bioactivities. These compounds include fatty acids, phenolics, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and a rare naphthalene derivative. The results highlight the potential of endophytes as untapped reservoirs of novel therapeutic agents for the development of innovative and sustainable products in the pharmaceutical industry.