When Digitalization Transforms Itself: AI, Software, and the Next Technical Order

Abstract

Agentic artificial intelligence (AI) marks a new phase of digitalization: digitalization is beginning to act back upon its own technical production base. Whereas earlier phases aimed at digitizing analog information, automating processes, and building digital value networks, AI is increasingly taking over tasks in the development of digital systems themselves. In software engineering (SE) in particular, agentic AI systems can already plan, execute, check, and iteratively refine development tasks across multiple steps. Digitalization thus becomes recursive: digital systems no longer merely support the digitalization of other sectors, but are increasingly developed and evolved by digital systems themselves. The technical production base of digitalization thereby becomes the object of its own transformation. This changes not only the division of labor between humans and machines in SE, but also the role of SE as a whole. This chapter analyzes this socio-technical change and argues that SE is evolving from a primarily supporting engineering discipline into a central infrastructure of societal value creation as well as of technological and digital sovereignty.