Association of Protein C and Biochemical Parameters with Miscarriage in Yemeni Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder associated with increased risk of maternal and fetal complications, including miscarriage. Protein C, a natural anticoagulant, has been implicated in pregnancy loss; however, its association with GDM and related metabolic abnormalities remains insufficiently investigated.Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 400 pregnant women aged 18-41 years were recruited from different hospitals and medical centers between May 2023and May 2024. The study included 200 women diagnosed with GDM and 200 normoglycemic pregnant controls. Participation was voluntary, and biochemical parameters, including protein C levels, were measured using standard laboratory methods  Results: Levels of Protein C, fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, BMI, TyG index, TyG-BMI index, TC/HDL-c, TC/LDL-c, creatinine, and urea were significantly higher in the GDM group compared with controls (p < 0.001for all), whereas HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in the GDM group (< 0.001) .Conclusion: The study suggests that elevated Protein C concentrations may be linked to insulin resistance in women affected by GDM, potentially contributing to an increased risk of miscarriage.