Baseline Hematological and Biochemical Reference Values for Wild Mus musculus and Rattus rattus From Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Reference intervals for hematology and plasma biochemistry and comparison with selected estimation methods in Northern boobooks (Ninox japonica ) undergoing rehabilitation

The findings underscore the need for caution when interpreting the estimated values in clinical settings and because rehabilitated individuals may appear clinically stable while harboring subclinical pathologies, the results of this study should be considered within the context of rehabilitation.

Hematological and biochemical reference intervals in healthy, sedated Nancy Ma’s night monkeys (Aotus nancymaae) in captivity

These highly powered, sedation-contextualized RI provide a definitive, species-specific diagnostic framework that will significantly enhance veterinary care, colony management, and the interpretation of translational research utilizing A. nancymaae.

Physiological, hematological, and biochemical parameters of the Molina’s hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus chinga)

Species-specific physiological and clinicopathological information remains limited for many small Neotropical carnivores, including Conepatus chinga. This study aimed to provide preliminary descriptive observations of physiological measurements obtained under isoflurane anesthesia and hematological and biochemical results from rescued free-ranging Conepatus chinga individuals considered clinically healthy at the time of sampling. Seven individuals from an opportunistic convenience sample were evaluated as part of routine clinical and pre-release assessment at the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of the Federal University of Pelotas. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were measured under isoflurane anesthesia. Blood samples were collected from the ventral coccygeal vein in pups and from the left or right jugular vein in juvenile and adult individuals for complete blood counts and biochemical analyses. Individual values, arithmetic mean ± sample standard deviation, and median with first and third quartiles were reported. Heart rate ranged from 152 to 240 bpm, with a median of 210 bpm; respiratory rate ranged from 15 to 28 mpm, with a median of 24 mpm; and rectal temperature ranged from 34.9 to 37.5 °C, with a median of 36.3 °C. Packed cell volume ranged from 19.4 to 42.3%, with a median of 29.6%, and total leukocyte counts ranged from 4800 to 14,000/µL, with a median of 7800/µL. Albumin, creatinine, and urea concentrations ranged from 2.44 to 3.70 g/dL, 0.20 to 0.83 mg/dL, and 6.31 to 101.60 mg/dL, with medians of 3.21 g/dL, 0.30 mg/dL, and 79.0 mg/dL, respectively. The findings constitute preliminary descriptive observations obtained under the clinical, anesthetic, and analytical conditions of this study. They should not be interpreted as reference intervals, clinically actionable baseline values or diagnostic thresholds for C. chinga, but may assist in the design of future studies involving larger and more representative samples.

Preliminary Reference Interval Estimation for Hemolymph Analysis in Free-Ranging Mangrove Horseshoe Crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda).

BACKGROUND The mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda), a species thriving in the muddy brackish waters of Cox's Bazar, holds significant ecological and biomedical value. Hematological and biochemical analyses can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing health; however, reports remain limited for horseshoe crabs. OBJECTIVE This study investigated hemolymph values to determine preliminary reference intervals (RIs) from free-ranging mangrove horseshoe crabs. METHODS Forty adult Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (20 males, 20 females) were collected from intertidal zones of Cox's Bazar in February 2024. Hemolymph was extracted by cardiac puncture under cold anesthesia for amebocyte counting and biochemical profiling. Plasma metabolites, enzymes, and electrolytes were analyzed using a standard automated laboratory biochemistry analyzer (Humalyzer 3000, Human Diagnostics, Germany), and data were statistically evaluated in accordance with established guidelines. RESULTS Total amoebocyte counts demonstrated substantial variability (RI: 0.6-38.5 × 106 cells/mL). This study found significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in female horseshoe crabs, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was significantly higher in males. In contrast, no significant (p > 0.05) differences between sexes were observed in glucose, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid, creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and amebocyte counts. Reference intervals (RIs) were established after excluding outliers identified across multiple measurands in both sexes. CONCLUSION This study provides baseline data and underscores the need for further research, particularly across different seasons, to enhance the suitability and applicability of the established RIs.

Hematological and biochemical reference intervals for two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus) in Mongolia with effects of age/physiological class and season.

Season-specific RIs are provided for analytes with substantial seasonal effects of apparently healthy Mongolian Bactrian camels to support clinical interpretation and herd health monitoring under Mongolian pastoral conditions.

Molecular Epidemiology, Hematobiochemical Alterations, and Oxidative Stress-Induced Genotoxicity of Equine Trypanosomiasis in Pakistan