Application of AI Large Models in Complex Data Processing: Analysis of Algorithm Optimization and Efficiency Improvement Paths

Abstract

With the rapid development of the digital economy, complex data characterized by high dimensionality, heterogeneity, sparsity, and dynamics has become increasingly prevalent across industrial and scientific applications, making efficient processing a critical challenge for intelligent systems. In particular, the growing volume of multi-source sensing data generated in electromagnetic wave analysis, antenna systems, and wireless communication networks places higher demands on large-scale intelligent computing frameworks. This paper systematically investigates the major bottlenecks of AI large models in complex data processing and proposes a cross-scenario adaptive optimization framework integrating algorithm optimization and multi-dimensional efficiency enhancement strategies. At the algorithm level, adaptive attention architecture and multi-level regularization are introduced to improve feature representation and generalization capability. At the efficiency level, a collaborative “model– data–engineering” optimization scheme combining structured pruning, mixed-precision quantization, and knowledge distillation is developed. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized 32B model reduces storage volume by 85% to 4.8 GB, decreases memory usage by 80%, improves inference speed by tenfold, and limits task-specific accuracy loss to less than 3%. Practical validations in medical, industrial, and astronomical scenarios further confirm simultaneous improvements in accuracy and computational efficiency. The proposed framework provides an effective solution for complex data processing while offering valuable technical references for electromagnetic signal intelligence, multisource sensor data fusion, and intelligent wireless information processing.