Understanding real-time string dynamics in three spatial dimensions is essential for connecting quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories (LGTs) to the physical dimensionality of QED and QCD, where transverse fluctuations and competing local processes proliferate. We present the first real-time simulations of string breaking in $3+1$D lattice quantum electrodynamics. Using tree tensor networks, we simulate the quench dynamics of electric flux strings in a $3\!+\!1$D U(1) LGT with dynamical matter. At strong coupling, the string breaks resonantly at a sharp resonance condition of mass and gauge couplings, converting electric energy into matter--antimatter pairs that screen the static charges. Off resonance, we classify all competing channels---pair production, string deformations and extensions, and flux loops---whose multiplicity, extensive for pair production and flux loops, depletes the string sector even far from resonance. A channel-resolved perturbation theory quantitatively reproduces these dynamics and their Fourier spectrum. Our results establish diagnostics and benchmarks for upcoming quantum simulators of higher-dimensional LGTs.
Understanding real-time flux-tube dynamics in more than one spatial dimension is key to unlocking the non-perturbative physics of confinement, and is now actively pursued by quantum computing and simulation experiments. However, describing such dynamics has proven to be extremely challenging with both experiments and s...
Zeno Bacciconi, M. Frau, L. Tagliacozzo et al.· 1 citation
Open-system lattice gauge theory (LGT) has so far been developed predominantly in Abelian settings, leaving open how genuinely non-Abelian gauge structure reshapes dissipative real-time dynamics. Here, we study a $1+1$D SU(2) Yang--Mills LGT with dynamical matter coupled to a thermal scalar environment through a gauge-...
Erick Parra Verde, Giovanni Cataldi, Stefan Kühn et al.· 0 citations
Quantum computers offer the potential to directly probe the dynamics of strongly coupled quantum field theories. As a step towards reaching this potential, local Krylov-based truncations of a pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory on a triangular lattice are constructed. Adjoint strings connected to dynamical gluons are const...
Anthony N. Ciavarella, R. de Putter, Ed Younis et al.· 3 citations
Glueball spectroscopy and real-time production with quantum computing require three distinct ingredients: a correlated gauge vacuum, a controlled construction of pure-gauge excitations, and a dynamical detector. We develop a physics-informed quantum-algorithm toolbox for these tasks in a $(2+1)$-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}...
We study quantum simulation of SU(3) non-Abelian gauge theory dynamically coupled with fundamental fermions in $3+1$ dimensions by employing the lattice Hamiltonian in axial gauge that avoids Gauss's law constraints. The temporal component of the gauge field is analytically solved in terms of independent field degrees...
We present a proof-of-concept numerical study of the real-time topological rate at non-zero momentum in quenched lattice QCD at a temperature $T\simeq 1.24 \, T_c \simeq 360$ MeV, as an important step toward the determination of this quantity in full QCD. Our strategy, already applied to compute the sphaleron rate in p...
Claudio Bonanno, Massimo D’Elia, R. Dionisio et al.· 1 citation
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