Participatory Design Methods for Smart Building Renovation: Evidence, Governance and Policy Implications

Abstract

The current Literature Review examines recent developments in Participatory Design methods for smart building renovation. It is based on a Systematic Literature Review of 24 articles published between 2015 and 2025. The findings are presented using the framework of ICEGAP structure: Introduction, Context, Evidence, Gaps, Actions and Policy and Practice Implications. The review covers co-design methods and approaches, digital collaboration tools, such as dashboards, Digital Twins, different governance forms, issues of justice and equity and also challenges that we face during the process. According to the review, there are problems and challenges that are associated specifically with smart renovation, which are not relevant to traditional renovation projects, such as: data access, data use, automation, monitoring, and last accountability post renovation. This review also identifies some persistent constraints, such as institutional fragmentation, technical complexity, digital literacy problems leading to inequality of participation, unequal distribution of power and resources that lead to mixed results. The final conclusion of this review is that participation in smart building renovation, will prove most effective, when implemented consistently across the entire life cycle of the projects and when the residents play a critical role during the decision-making process by influencing the results with their valuable input.