Aletheia: An Offline-First Clinical Decision Support System for Differential Diagnosis in Low-Resource Healthcare Settings

AI-Assisted Healthcare Kiosk: Offline Disease Prediction, Medicine Recommendation, and Telemedicine Access for Rural India

An AI-assisted healthcare kiosk, a web-based, fully offline system that provides automated disease prediction, medication recommendations, BMI assessment, cardiovascular risk evaluation, and doctor referrals without needing a permanent physician or internet connection is discussed.

A Cloud-Edge System for Multimodal Clinical Screening in Resource-Constrained Rural Settings

Medical AI has demonstrated specialist-level diagnostic accuracy, yet these capabilities remain largely inaccessible in resource-constrained rural settings where bandwidth is scarce, compute is limited, and clinical decision-making requires integrating heterogeneous modalities. We introduce a cloud--edge collaborative architecture that addresses these constraints: lightweight, domain-specific models on the edge transform raw medical data into compact structured outputs, while a cloud LLM synthesizes these outputs into clinical summaries. An LLM-based orchestrator dynamically selects diagnostic tools based on patient context, promoting comprehensive modality coverage without processing irrelevant inputs. We evaluate on 20 multimodal clinical cases spanning cardiac, obstetric, trauma, and screening scenarios under three simulated network profiles (500,kbps--5,Mbps). The hybrid system achieves 98--99% diagnostic tool recall with 92--96% precision, matches or exceeds cloud-only baselines on clinical accuracy, and maintains bandwidth-invariant latency (25--35,s) at 4--15x lower token cost. These results highlight the role of architectural design in enabling efficient multimodal integration and improving factual grounding compared to cloud-only approaches under deployment constraints.

Scalable Clinical Data Infrastructure and Comparative ML Evaluation for Hospitalisation Risk Prediction in Elderly Patients with Multiple Long-Term Conditions using CPRD

It is argued that LASSO, not the highest-discriminating model, is the model best suited to direct clinical deployment, and lessons for the machine learning and healthcare community regarding data infrastructure, model selection, and value of calibration and interpretability in high-stakes decision support are presented.

LungGPT: A unified multimodal system for interpretable diagnosis and clinical decision support of respiratory diseases.

Respiratory diseases cause significant morbidity, yet diagnosis remains labor intensive and dependent on physician expertise. Here, we present LungGPT, a unified multimodal system trained on 147 million tokens of domain-specific electronic health records from 125,917 participants. LungGPT comprises two modules: LungGPT-Dx for respiratory disease diagnosis and early warning of critical illness, and LungGPT-Ex for interpretable diagnostic reasoning and treatment recommendations. In large-scale evaluations, LungGPT-Dx achieves a macro-average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.852 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.839-0.865) across 22 respiratory diseases, with disease-specific AUCs exceeding 0.900 for lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. Crucially, the model further improves early warning of critical illness by incorporating chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning into textual data and integrating computed tomography (CT) imaging features. LungGPT-Ex generates high-quality, interpretable reasoning that outperforms specialized clinical models and matches advanced general-purpose models such as GPT-4o and DeepSeek-R1 in correctness, completeness, and truthfulness. By bridging precision diagnostics and rapid decision-making, LungGPT provides a standardized framework to enhance clinical workflows and improve patient outcomes in respiratory healthcare.

Artificial Intelligence Interventions to Support Frontline Healthcare Workers in Low-Resource Settings: A Review

Less can be better: decomposing clinical data modalities in large language model-based healthcare applications.