Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal links between specific immune cell phenotypes and Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Highlights • We performed bidirectional two-sample MR of 731 immune cell phenotypes to systematically infer causal associations between immune cells and Parkinson’s disease (PD).• We identified 18 immune cell phenotypes with causal effects on PD, including 8 risk-related and 10 neuroprotective subtypes.• Non-classical CD14+CD16+ monocytes were found to reduce the risk of PD, contrasting with findings from previous observational studies and providing new insights into the immune mechanisms underlying PD.