Smart Bus Stop Shelter with Solar Panels, Display and Pollution Sensor with Piezoelectric Sensor

Abstract

Traditional bus stops lack real-time passenger information, energy-efficient infrastructure, and environmental monitoring. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Smart Bus Stop Shelter that integrates solar panels and piezoelectric energy harvesters with an ESP32 microcontroller, MQ-135 air pollution sensor, temperature/humidity sensor, and an ambient light sensor. Based on real-time sensor feedback, the microcontroller automatically controls LED indicators, a buzzer alert system, and automated lighting through relay modules. An I2C OLED display provides on-site live readings while ESP32's built-in Wi-Fi transmits data to a cloud dashboard and mobile application for remote monitoring. An RF module enables communication with a central control center. The power architecture uses solar panels as the primary source supplemented by piezoelectric energy from pedestrian footsteps, stored in a rechargeable battery. The system demonstrates a practical, cost-effective approach to realizing smart city infrastructure that promotes renewable energy use, environmental awareness, and improved passenger experience.