An initial approach that first aligns heterogeneous table-cell representations into a shared space using Hirschfeld–Gebelein–Rényi maximal correlation (HGR) is proposed, and it is found that it generalizes competitively compared to models specifically designed for individual tasks.
Tabular data is the dominant structured-data modality, and learning table representations has become a core research direction. Table-level embeddings in particular underpin a wide range of applications, including table retrieval, data lake discovery, and table classification. Despite their importance, there is still limited understanding of how different embedding approaches behave across tasks, making systematic evaluation and analysis essential. In this work, we introduce a systematic evaluation of table-level embeddings that captures several complementary properties required for downstream effectiveness. We realize this evaluation by extending TEmBed, a recently proposed testbed for tabular embeddings, whose table-level coverage is currently limited to a single retrieval task. An empirical study over the TEmBed model pool confirms that no single model excels across all tasks, demonstrating that table-level embedding quality cannot be reduced to retrieval alone.
This work introduces Giga-Embeddings, a family of text embedding models designed to combine strong retrieval quality with efficient serving, and trains the compact model using a dimension-agnostic objective that aligns teacher and student similarity distributions.
Egor Kolodin, Egor Krasnoperov, Evgeniy Kosarev et al.· 0 citations
Universal multimodal embeddings are becoming a core component of modern AI systems, enabling heterogeneous content to be represented in a shared space for applications such as retrieval, recommendation, classification, and agentic systems. In this report, we present WeMM-Embedding, a family of universal multimodal embedding models supporting text, images, videos, visual documents, and arbitrarily interleaved multimodal inputs with flexible output dimensions. The family comprises 2B, 4B, and 9B variants and is trained in two stages: a large-scale multimodal alignment stage, followed by a refinement stage using curated data, fine-grained relevance supervision, and cross-scale knowledge transfer. Across extensive evaluations, WeMM-Embedding achieves leading performance on multiple public benchmarks. Notably, the 2B variant already surpasses the previously leading 8B open-source baseline on MMEB-v2, while the 9B variant further achieves a new state-of-the-art overall score of 80.6. WeMM-Embedding also demonstrates strong practical performance across WeChat applications, with substantial gains on a 26-task in-house benchmark and consistent improvements across 14 online A/B tests. It has been deployed at scale across recommendation and search applications, including WeChat Channels, Official Accounts, Moments, and e-commerce services. We have released the model weights and code to facilitate future research at https://github.com/Tencent/WeMM-Embedding.
Dense embeddings are foundational to contemporary natural language processing, information retrieval, recommendation, and retrieval-augmented generation. Nevertheless, a single general-purpose vector typically superimposes multiple relations—topic, entailment, sentiment, part–whole structure, evidential role, temporality, and domain-specific constraints—within one geometry and one similarity function. This article presents layered semantic refinement (LSR) as a framework and evaluation protocol rather than as a single universally validated algorithm. LSR retains a general encoder as a transferable semantic substrate while explicit modules reorganize, augment, or index its representations for a defined operational objective. The framework covers learned projections, nonlinear adapters, graph message passing, hierarchical aggregation, deterministic rule channels, clustering, multi-view representations, and prompt-conditioned embeddings.
Pedro Emílio Amador Salomão· Nexus Science Review· 0 citations
We investigate whether simple transformations can translate representations across heterogeneous text embedding models. Understanding how independently trained models organize semantic information is an enabler for AI-to-AI latent communication without decoding into human-readable text. Focusing on lightweight translators such as linear mappings, we test the literature hypothesis of latent universality in a realistic text setting beyond simplified benchmarks. Across nine embedding models differing in architecture, pooling strategy, and training objective, we evaluate compatibility using CKA, downstream transfer, fidelity, and retrieval. Simple translators recover meaningful shared structure and support transfer for some compatible pairs, but fail sharply for others. Compatibility depends jointly on architecture, training objective, pooling, and data distribution. Overall, the results show that heterogeneous embedding spaces are not universally related by simple mappings as often suggested in some literature.
Sid Ali Hamideche, Louis-Adrien Dufrène, Quentin Lampin et al.· 0 citations
Tables are ubiquitous across diverse domains, yet reasoning over them remains a significant challenge for modern large language models (LLMs). Current approaches typically linearize tables into sequences, inherently overlooking their intrinsic two-dimensional and hierarchical structure. To address this, we propose H2Table (Hierarchical Hypergraph-Enhanced Table Reasoning), a novel framework that represents complex tables as hierarchical nested hypergraphs. To process this representation, we design a tailored hypergraph encoder to facilitate message passing between hyperedges (headers) and nodes (cells), thereby perceiving the semantic entailment relationships between them within complex tables. Furthermore, we introduce a set of learnable query vectors acting as a lightweight bridge to extract representative structural embeddings from the encoder into the LLM. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach effectively handles complex table question answering tasks with hierarchical nested headers. Notably, on the HiTab dataset, H2Table achieves an average improvement of 22.88% over state-of-the-art baselines on highly complex tables with a nesting depth of four. Our code is available at: https://github.com/lila120/h2table.
Jia Ling, Yang-Fan Wang, Chen Tang et al.· 0 citations
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