Aug 2026· Archives of Current Research International· Vol 26, pp. 72-89· 0 citations
Abstract
India's startup ecosystem has shifted from a small set of technology clusters shaped by post-liberalisation software capabilities and transnational networks into a large, policy-recognised entrepreneurial system spanning finance, digital platforms, incubation, public procurement and emerging deep-technology sectors. This critical narrative review examines how policy, innovation and socio-economic change have interacted in that evolution, while distinguishing ecosystem scale from demonstrated economic additionality. Literature published from 1 January 1991 to 15 June 2026 was identified through multidisciplinary and economics-oriented scholarly sources, supplemented by Indian institutional materials and citation searching. Evidence was appraised for design quality, representativeness, causal identification, measurement validity and consistency across settings. The synthesis identifies five linked transitions: the formation of metropolitan technology clusters; the institutionalisation of venture capital and startup support; the consolidation of Startup India as a national policy architecture; the rise of digital public infrastructure, FinTech and science-based ventures; and the growing emphasis on inclusion, regional diffusion and deep-technology commercialisation. The strongest evidence supports the conclusion that India's ecosystem has become denser, more connected and more institutionally supported, with wider access to formal recognition, incubators, public capital instruments and innovation networks. Evidence is weaker on whether these changes have caused durable productivity growth, high-quality net employment, equitable capital allocation or sustained venture survival. Administrative counts of recognised startups, reported jobs, patents and supported firms are useful indicators of programme reach but cannot by themselves establish causal socio-economic transformation. Persistent tensions include metropolitan concentration despite national diffusion, patenting without assured commercialisation, financing growth without clear additionality, and greater formal female participation without evidence of equal ownership or investment outcomes. Future research should prioritise longitudinal linked administrative data, quasi-experimental policy evaluation, spatial and gender-sensitive capital analysis, and cohort studies of deep-technology commercialisation. India's next ecosystem phase is therefore likely to depend less on maximising startup counts than on improving survival, innovation quality, productive scaling and inclusive value creation.
Over the past three decades, India has transformed from a state-controlled, licence-regulated economy into one of the world's fastest-growing major economies, driven by liberalisation, digital infrastructure, financial inclusion and an expanding entrepreneurial ecosystem. This conceptual paper synthesises recent literature to examine the mechanisms underpinning this transformation and to assess its broader relevance for other developing economies. It shows that India's growth has been remarkable in pace and durability, yet has proceeded through services-led expansion rather than the classical manufacturing-driven structural transformation observed elsewhere, leaving income inequality, regional disparities, informality and gender gaps largely unresolved. The paper identifies institutional quality as the recurring factor determining whether policy initiatives, spanning digital governance, manufacturing promotion and infrastructure investment, translate into durable, inclusive development rather than narrowly distributed growth. Ten conditional lessons are drawn for developing economies, alongside differentiated recommendations for governments, policymakers, and international organisations, cautioning against treating India as a replicable template. The paper concludes that India's experience offers valuable but context-dependent insights, and calls for further comparative, sector-specific and climate-integrated research to test the transferability of its growth strategies to other developing-country settings.
Dr. Ravindra Kamblapadavu· International journal of res...· 0 citations
Abstract: This study explores the challenges faced by firms in Kazakhstan in managing innovation within the context of an emerging economy in transition. Through qualitative analysis of interviews and focus group discussions, the research uncovers key themes related to the demand for innovative products and services, the impact of the crisis, the role of technology transfer, the state of R&D capabilities, and the importance of organizational adaptability. The findings bring to the foreground the significance of historical legacies in shaping innovation management, indicating the need for firms to strategically reconfigure their inherited resources and capabilities. Building on this insight, the study develops the Legacy-Driven Capabilities Theory (LDCT), which explains how firms in post-transition economies draw upon, reinterpret, and modify their inherited routines and knowledge systems in the pursuit of innovation. LDCT demonstrates both the enabling and restrictive aspects of Soviet-era legacies and outlines the processes through which firms transform these inherited conditions into contemporary innovation capacities. The study thus proposes the LDCT as a framework for addressing the unique obstacles encountered by organizations in post-transition economies. By integrating empirical evidence with this theoretical perspective, the research offers a refined understanding of how historical context continues to influence innovation paths.
Gulnara Z. Karimova, Alma Alpeissova, Yevgeniya D. Kim· REGION: Regional Studies of...· 0 citations
Kenya's 'Silicon Savannah' strategy, anchored by Konza Technopolis, the M-Pesa mobile-money ecosystem, and a fast-growing developer community, is frequently cited as a template for African digital-led structural transformation. Yet the empirical literature evaluating its micro-level productivity effects, regional trade spillovers, and spatial political economy remains thin and fragmented. Existing analyses conflate general ICT diffusion with frontier AI adoption, treat digital hubs as isolated urban phenomena, and rely on descriptive rather than identified firm-level estimates.
This review develops an integrated theoretical framework combining New Economic Geography, directed technical change, and structural-gravity trade theory, translated into a pre-fielding empirical design: a stratified enterprise-survey protocol with an endogenous switching-regression strategy for heterogeneous total factor productivity (TFP) effects of AI adoption, and a Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood (PPML) gravity specification, extendable to a spatial autoregressive framework, for how digital-payment interoperability and customs automation affect non-tariff trade costs along the Northern Corridor.
The paper formalizes testable hypotheses linking infrastructure, credit, and skill thresholds to an AI adoption trap for informal micro-enterprises; specifies an identification strategy for the regional trade effects of digital public infrastructure under the African Continental Free Trade Area; and develops a political-economy account of digital-enclave risk at Konza Technopolis, situated within the literature on special economic zones and premature deindustrialization in Africa.
It closes with four policy pillars, regional cloud and data sovereignty, agro-AI value-chain linkages, digital-trade regulatory harmonization, and rural TVET-based AI skilling, intended to convert Silicon Savannah from an urban technology enclave into an integrated regional digital common.
Emmanuel Mokoro· World Journal of Advanced Re...· 0 citations
The convergence of circular economy (CE) principles, digital transformation, and artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally reshaping the global energy sector. This paper presents a scoping review of the scholarly literature on circular economy frameworks, sustainable business models, and digital innovation strategies in the energy sector, complemented by qualitative data drawn from semi-structured interviews with 15 senior energy industry leaders. Drawing on 143 peer-reviewed sources identified across seven academic databases, the review maps the theoretical and empirical landscape of CE adoption in energy, analyses the enabling role of AI and digital technologies, and surfaces strategic pathways for sustainable business model transformation. Findings reveal that while CE principles offer substantial environmental and economic value, their operationalisation in the energy sector remains uneven, constrained by investment barriers, regulatory fragmentation, and a persistent digital skills gap. Leadership commitment, public-private collaboration, and data-driven governance emerge as the most critical enablers of successful CE transition. The paper concludes with a research agenda and practical recommendations for energy executives, policymakers, and scholars.
Shankar Subramanian Iyer, Brinitha Raji, R. Arora et al.· Eco Cities· 0 citations
This systematic literature review explores the relationship between digital maturity and economic sustainability, with government support as a moderating factor, and proposes a multi-level conceptual framework and actionable policy recommendations to support inclusive and adaptive SME digitalization.
Bisri Bisri· Dinasti International Journa...· 0 citations
The orange economy has moved from a regional policy metaphor to a widely used frame for cultural and creative activities whose value depends on talent, symbolic content, intellectual property, design, technological mediation and cultural heritage. Its policy appeal is clear, yet the evidence base is conceptually fragmented: sector boundaries vary across classifications, direct contribution is often conflated with causal growth, and digital expansion can increase both market access and concentration. This critical narrative review examines how creative capital is converted into sustainable economic value globally and assesses the implications for India at a moment when the term “orange economy” has entered explicit national policy discourse. Literature published mainly from 2000 to 15 June 2026 was identified through EconBiz, OpenAIRE, CORE, DOAJ, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar and supplementary Indian searching through Shodhganga, with Crossref and authoritative source pages used for bibliographic and DOI verification. The synthesis distinguishes direct production effects from innovation spillovers, cluster and urban effects, platform-mediated value capture, cultural and social value, environmental sustainability, and distributional outcomes. The evidence indicates that creative industries can support employment, entrepreneurship, exports, diversification and innovation, but these effects are neither automatic nor uniformly distributed. Benefits depend on related capabilities, local institutions, demand conditions, network connectivity, rights regimes and the bargaining position of creators. Platformisation and artificial intelligence expand production and distribution possibilities while intensifying questions of remuneration, discoverability, data rights and market power. India combines unusual strengths in cultural diversity, film and audiovisual production, crafts, design, digital services and a large young workforce, but fragmented measurement, informality, unequal labour conditions and weak evaluation constrain policy learning. Recent investments in creative-technology institutions and content-creation laboratories may strengthen capabilities, but their growth effects remain untested. A sustainable orange-economy strategy therefore requires measurement that captures value chains and distribution, place-sensitive ecosystem policy, creator-centred digital governance, and explicit integration of cultural, social and environmental objectives with economic performance.
R. Hanumanthappa, S. Raveesha, Ashwitha, A. S. Gowda et al.· Archives of Current Research...· 0 citations
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