Interaction of the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) with genetic risk score (GRS) on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women

Abstract

Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) has been associated with the prevention and management of obesity. This study aims to investigate the interaction between DTAC and a body mass index-related genetic risk score (GRS) in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women. This cross-sectional study included 259 women aged 18–48 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and lipid profile were obtained. The DTAC was calculated from dietary antioxidant equivalents, and GRS was derived by summing the risk alleles of MC4R, CAV1 and CRY1 variants. The mean age and BMI of participants was 36.4 ± 8.4 years and 30.3 ± 3.6 kg/m2, respectively. Significant interactions between GRS and the second and third tertiles of DTAC were observed for serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in adjusted model-1, (β = −25.5; 95% CI: −50.1, −1, p = 0.04), (β = −35; 95%CI: −62.7, −7.1, p = 0.01). Also, between high GRS and tertile 2 and 3 of the DTAC score with serum total cholesterol levels (T-Chol), tertile 3 of the DTAC score with serum triglyceride levels, and tertile 3 of the DTAC score with LDL/ high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (β = −0.92; 95%CI: −1.6, −0.23, p = 0.01). Also, in the adjusted model-2 for LDL/HDL ratio (β = −0.87; 95%CI: −1.6, −0.15, p = 0.02). Higher DTAC may be associated with a lower cardiovascular disease risk among overweight and obese individuals. Further prospective and interventional studies in larger, ethnically diverse populations are needed.