Aug 2026· Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Technology· Vol 2, pp. 106-114· 0 citations
Abstract
Post-harvest paddy drying is a critical stage in maintaining grain quality, requiring continuous moisture content reduction from an initial range of 22–28% down to a safe storage level of 13–14%. This study aims to design and evaluate the structural integrity of a V-belt transmission system for a rotary paddy drying machine to ensure optimal operational rotation and long-term mechanical reliability. The transmission system was developed using analytical kinematic and dynamic calculations, followed by three-dimensional solid modeling and static structural finite element numerical simulations executed in SolidWorks. The analytical results demonstrate that a 0.75 kW electric motor operating at 1400 rpm, coupled with a 1:4.5 transmission reduction ratio, successfully steps down the output speed to a target drum rotation of 10–20 rpm while delivering a linear belt speed of 6.59 m/s and an operational torque of 5.12 N·m. Static structural simulation on the 225 mm driven pulley constructed from Aluminium Alloy 1060 reveals a maximum equivalent Von Mises stress of 8.811 MPa, utilizing only 31.96% of the material yield strength (27.57 MPa) and ensuring operation strictly within the elastic deformation regime. The maximum structural displacement at the outer rim is recorded at 2.863 mm, maintaining safe alignment without inducing belt slippage. Furthermore, the evaluation yields a minimum Factor of Safety of 26.444, which substantially exceeds standard mechanical engineering design thresholds and guarantees high resistance against startup shock loads. In conclusion, the designed V-belt transmission system meets all kinematic, dynamic, and structural requirements, demonstrating high mechanical safety and complete feasibility for physical prototype fabrication.
The traditional rice drying process is still widely applied by farmers in Indonesia; however, this method is highly dependent on weather conditions, requires a long drying time, and produces non-uniform grain quality. These conditions drive the need for a rotary system rice dryer machine capable of operating stably without depending on the weather, where the frame, as the supporting structure for all main machine components, plays a crucial role in the safety and stability of the system during operation. This study aims to design and analyze the strength of the rotary system rice dryer machine frame to determine the stress distribution, deformation, and structural safety factor before it is realized in the manufacturing stage. The three-dimensional model of the frame was created using SolidWorks 2024 software with ASTM A36 steel material having an angle iron profile measuring 40 x 40 x 3 millimeters. The structural analysis was conducted statically with a fixed support boundary condition on the frame legs, while loading was applied to the drum mount, drum cover, drive motor, and blower using the finite element method approach. The simulation analysis results were then compared with theoretical manual calculations to verify the accuracy of the results. The simulation results showed a maximum von Mises stress value of 37.87 megapascals, a maximum deformation of 0.158 millimeters, and a safety factor of 6.6. The manual calculation produced comparable values, namely a von Mises stress of 43.20 megapascals, a deformation of 0.162 millimeters, and a safety factor of 5.79. The agreement between the two approaches indicates that the simulation results are valid and theoretically justifiable. Based on these findings, the frame design is declared safe, stable, and feasible for realization in the manufacturing stage, thus capable of supporting a more efficient rice drying process that does not depend on weather conditions. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference in the development of more efficient and safe rice dryer machine frame designs in future research.
Zaky Raihan Dany, Supriyono· Journal of Multidisciplinary...· 0 citations
Biomass and organic waste can be utilized as alternative fuel through a briquetting process. A stable molding process requires a transmission system capable of transmitting power, controlling rotational speed, and providing adequate torque to the screw extruder. This study aims to design the transmission system of a charcoal briquette molding machine and evaluate the feasibility of the pulley through theoretical calculations and static simulation using SolidWorks 2025. The machine uses a 2 HP (1.5 kW) AC electric motor at 1400 rpm, a pulley–V-belt system, a WPA 60 A reduction gearbox, an AISI 1035 shaft, and an ASTM A36 Steel pulley. The design results show a system power of 149 W and a calculated motor power requirement of 169.8 W. The selected motor has a rated power of 1.5 kW and a rated torque of 10.17 Nm, while the required screw torque is 4.23 Nm. An effective 10:1 transmission ratio is used to reduce the motor speed from 1400 rpm to approximately 140 rpm at the screw. The pulley simulation produces a maximum von Mises stress of 8.048 MPa, a maximum displacement of 0.002 mm, and a minimum safety factor of approximately 6.8. These results indicate that the pulley design is safe under the simulated loading condition
Ahmad Sutarno, Tri Mulyanto· Journal of Multidisciplinary...· 0 citations
Flywheel energy storage systems impose high demands on the mechanical properties and structural integrity of rotors, particularly in high-speed applications. This study focuses on the numerical analysis of gravity casting of a steel rotor manufactured from low alloy 34CrMo4 steel, with the aim of identifying critical regions related to molten metal flow, solidification behaviour and shrinkage defect formation. Numerical simulations were calculated using a MAGMASOFT® 5.5 software environment based on the finite volume method and included both mold filling and subsequent solidification and cooling stages. Flow stability, temperature field distribution and solidification characteristics were researched thoroughly. The results showed that optimization of the gating and feeding system lowered porosity under 2% within the casting and relocated shrinkage defects to the risers. At the same time, solidification directionality was improved and the Hot Spot value was reduced. From the perspective of casting quality, the proposed design represents the most suitable solution, despite a lower metal utilization rate. The analysed casting forms the structural body of a hybrid flywheel rotor intended for the subsequent integration of high-density tungsten segments.
Jan Růžička, Adéla Macháčková, F. Radkovský et al.· Applied Sciences· 0 citations
The conventional carpet drying method, which relies heavily on sunlight, is often inefficient and time-consuming. This study aims to design a mechanical carpet drying machine based on the roll bending principle to mechanically extract water from carpets up to 2 meters wide. A systematic design methodology was applied, encompassing problem identification, literature review, conceptual design, mathematical calculations, and 3D modeling using SolidWorks CAD software. The designed prototype dimensions are 2640 x 1040 x 612 mm, featuring two main rubber-coated rollers (10 cm diameter) and a V-belt pulley transmission system (0.75 ratio). Mathematical calculations for a carpet load ranging from 60 to 80 kg indicate a required roller torque of 35.32 to 47.09 Nm and a roller shaft power of 184.89 to 246.26 W. By factoring in a total system efficiency of 72%, the required motor input power is determined to be between 256.79 and 341.19 W. Consequently, a 0.75 HP electric motor was selected to drive the active roller at an optimal speed of 50 rpm, providing a sufficient torque reserve of 1.46 Nm. The structural framework utilizes angle steel to ensure stability and minimize vibration during operation. The mechanical squeezing design significantly reduces drying time, making it highly suitable for small and medium-sized carpet cleaning enterprises
Muhammad Haikal Githa Aldiono, Sri Poernomo Sari· Journal of Multidisciplinary...· 0 citations
The transmission shaft is one of the most critical mechanical components in a solar-powered automatic fish feeder because it transfers rotational power from the DC gear motor to the feed-spreading mechanism while supporting combined torsional and bending loads during operation. An inappropriate shaft design may lead to excessive stress, deformation, and structural failure, reducing the reliability and operational lifespan of the feeding system. Therefore, this study aims to design and evaluate the structural performance of the transmission shaft using analytical calculations and finite element analysis (FEA). The shaft was designed using AISI 1045 medium-carbon steel with a diameter of 12.7 mm based on classical machine design equations. A three-dimensional model was developed using SolidWorks 2021 and analyzed through static structural simulation under operational loading conditions. The evaluated parameters included equivalent Von Mises stress, total displacement, and factor of safety. The analytical calculation produced a maximum equivalent stress of 8.62 MPa, while the finite element simulation predicted 22.566 MPa, both of which remained considerably below the yield strength of AISI 1045 steel. The theoretical and simulated maximum displacements were 0.009 mm and 0.001 mm, respectively, indicating excellent structural rigidity. Furthermore, the analytical and numerical factors of safety were 66.25 and 61.756, demonstrating that the shaft possesses a substantial safety margin against yielding under the specified loading conditions. The comparison between theoretical calculations and finite element simulation confirms that the proposed shaft design is structurally reliable and capable of safely transmitting power in a solar-powered automatic fish feeder. The findings of this study provide a practical engineering reference for the design and optimization of transmission shafts employed in automatic aquaculture feeding systems and other rotating mechanical applications.
Dwi Putra Putra Hendriansyah, Supriyono· Journal of Multidisciplinary...· 0 citations
The convective drying of agricultural materials is an energy-intensive process, and optimizing dryer design is critical for improving efficiency and product quality. This study presents a comprehensive heat and mass transfer model for the convective drying of alfalfa leaves in a rotary drum dryer. Freshly harvested leaves with an initial moisture content of approximately 70% (w.b.) were used as the test material. The proposed system features a simplified drum design aimed at enhancing process efficiency while reducing equipment complexity. The primary objective was to reduce the moisture content of alfalfa leaves to below 50% to ensure their quality during subsequent storage and transportation. To determine the optimal operating conditions, the kinematics of leaf motion inside the rotating drum and the associated heat and mass transfer phenomena were investigated through analytical modeling, numerical simulation, and experimental studies on a laboratory-scale physical model. An analytical model was developed to establish relationships between transverse kinematic characteristics (detachment condition, Froude number, drum inclination angle), average longitudinal velocity, and residence time. Numerical simulations based on the Navier–Stokes equations (continuity, momentum, and energy) provided detailed moisture content distributions within individual leaves under varying airflow orientations and drying durations. The novelty of this work lies in the integrated determination of optimized operating parameters through combined analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches. A regression model relating final moisture content to key process variables (air velocity, temperature of 60 °C, drum rotation frequency and mass of loaded material) was developed from experimental data, yielding practical recommendations for the design and operation of rotary drum dryers for alfalfa and similar agricultural materials.
Gani Zhumatay, O. Zhortuylov, K.A. Moshanov et al.· Applied Sciences· 0 citations
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