Epidemiological Trends of Varicella (Chickenpox) in Azerbaijan: Analysis of Registered Cases from 2000 to 2024

Abstract

Varicella (chickenpox) remains a significant public health issue worldwide, especially in countries with incomplete vaccination coverage. This study examines the incidence of varicella in Azerbaijan over a 25-year period from 2000 to 2024. The data show an overall increasing trend in reported cases, with notable peaks in 2022 and 2023, reaching incidence rates of 412.4 and 281.7 per 100,000 people, respectively. A temporary decrease in cases was seen in 2020, likely due to public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. These fluctuations highlight the changing nature of varicella transmission and emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive immunization strategies. The findings indicate that increasing vaccination coverage and enhancing surveillance systems are essential for controlling varicella outbreaks and reducing disease burden in Azerbaijan. This study offers valuable epidemiological insights that can guide public health policies and support improved prevention and management of varicella in the region.