Digitalization, Economic Growth and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Romania and EU Countries Using Trading Economics Data and Jasp

Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between digitalization, macroeconomic performance, and sustainable development in Romania, in comparison with selected European Union (EU) countries. The main objective is to identify whether digital and economic indicators contribute significantly to economic convergence and sustainability outcomes, with a particular focus on Romania’s relative positioning within the EU. The study is based on secondary data extracted from the Trading Economics database, covering key indicators such as GDP per capita (USD), employment rate, inflation, and digitalization proxied by internet users (% of population). A comparative cross-country design is employed, including Romania and a sample of EU member states. Statistical analysis is conducted using JASP, an open-source software for reproducible research, applying descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, independent samples t-tests, and multiple regression models to examine relationships between digitalization and economic performance variables. The results indicate a positive association between digitalization indicators and economic performance, with stronger effects observed in more digitally advanced EU countries. Romania shows a persistent gap in both digital intensity and economic outcomes, although certain indicators suggest gradual convergence. Regression results highlight digitalization as a statistically significant predictor of GDP per capita and employment, while inflation exhibits a weaker and less consistent relationship. The paper contributes to the literature by integrating open-access macroeconomic data with reproducible statistical analysis using JASP, offering a transparent and accessible methodological framework. It also provides updated empirical evidence on the digitalization–sustainability nexus in an emerging EU economy. The findings support the need for targeted public policies that enhance digital infrastructure, digital skills, and e-government services in Romania. Strengthening digital capabilities may accelerate economic convergence and improve sustainable development outcomes within the EU context.