Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in the Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a prevalent inherited cardiovascular disorder characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and constitutes the leading cause of exercise-induced sudden cardiac death in young individuals. Conventional therapeutic strategies, such as the use of β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and septal reduction therapy, focus largely on symptomatic relief and often exhibit limited clinical efficacy. Recent years have witnessed significant progress across multiple therapeutic domains, encompassing general clinical management, pharmacotherapy, gene therapy, and invasive interventions. Emerging treatment modalities, including cardiac myosin inhibitors, myocardial metabolic modulators, anti-fibrotic agents, gene therapies, and interventional procedures, have shown promising potential. Concurrently, exercise management guidelines for patients with HCM have undergone progressive liberalization. These therapeutic innovations, together with optimized exercise strategies, may improve symptoms, prolong survival, and enhance quality of life. This review comprehensively summarizes current research regarding novel HCM treatment approaches—incorporating approved pharmaceuticals, preclinical findings, and clinical trial data—with the aim of facilitating continued development of HCM therapeutics.