GFAP and the genetic code of astrocyte activation in Alzheimer's disease.

Microglial advances in Parkinson's disease.

Advanced fluid biomarkers, such as seed amplification assays (SAA), alongside multidimensional neuroimaging techniques (PET, SPECT, MRI), are proving crucial for detecting these early microglial and pathological changes to guide personalized, disease-modifying therapies of PD.

GFAP upregulation by astrocytes attenuates tau neurofibrillary tangle pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy

The upregulation of the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by reactive astrocytes has been traditionally assigned structural functions such as the shaping of astrocyte morphology and the formation of the glial scar. However, in vitro studies have also implicated GFAP in chaperone-mediate...

Astrocyte Structure–Function Relationship in Senescence and Neurodegeneration

Microglial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanistic insights into neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressively debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), tau pathology, synaptopathy, and neuron loss. Recent studies suggest that Neuroinflammation is a critical part of the disease process rather than an accompanying feature of the menti...

Remodeling of the brain immune microenvironment in Alzheimer’s disease: interactions among microglia, astrocytes, complement, and the neurovascular unit

Current evidence supports a dynamically reconfigured system rather than a uniformly escalating inflammatory response, which should move beyond broad anti-inflammatory approaches to preserve effective pathological clearance within appropriate disease windows, limit maladaptive synaptic injury, and restore glial and neur...

Comprehensive insights into Alzheimer's disease: Amyloid-β pathology, tau dysfunction, and neurodegenerative mechanisms.