Aug 2026· Small· pp.
e74401
· 0 citations· 33 references
Medicine
TL;DR
A theranostic platform HSF, featuring integrated tumor-specific near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photodynamic ROS generation for real time monitoring and targeted radiotherapy of solid malignancies for NPC, offering a transformative approach for real time visualization-guided NPC therapy.
Abstract
High-precision tumor theranostic systems capable of real time monitoring are imperatively required for optimizing the spatial targeting accuracy during radiotherapy and surgical resection across clinical management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the clinical application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is impeded by the suboptimal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and inadequate visualization of redox procedure. In this study, we developed a theranostic platform HSF, featuring integrated tumor-specific near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and photodynamic ROS generation for real time monitoring and targeted radiotherapy of solid malignancies for NPC. Mechanistically, HSF was initially activated by the elevated glutathione (GSH) levels in the tumor microenvironment, which concomitantly turned on its NIR fluorescence and photodynamic properties. The resulting NIR fluorescence allowed for tumor visualization, while the PDT-triggered oxidative stress further consumed intracellular GSH, thereby ultimately inducing ferroptosis. In NPC cell-derived xenograft models, HSF demonstrated exceptional biocompatibility and effective in vivo retention. This multifunctional photosensitizer enabled precise radiotherapy navigation via real time fluorescent monitoring and ferroptosis-mediated therapeutic mechanisms, offering a transformative approach for real time visualization-guided NPC therapy.
This review constructs a refined mechanistic framework to elaborate the complementary mechanisms of PDT and PTT toward CDT in terms of reaction kinetics modulation, endogenous substrate replenishment, and tumor antioxidant defense inhibition, and the key bottlenecks hindering clinical translation.
Yuxuan Ma, Jie Gong, Zixuan Wu et al.· International Journal of Nan...· 0 citations
The NCRPF nanotherapeutic system provides a powerful new paradigm with high translational potential for the complete eradication of breast cancer, and both in vitro and in vivo results confirm that this combined strategy achieves complete tumor eradication with favorable biosafety.
This work provides an effective nanoplatform integrating tumor targeting, oxygen self-supply, and dual-mode GSH depletion to potentiate synergistic PTT/PDT for melanoma therapy.
This work reports a novel strategy for developing a theranostic nanoplatform for long-lasting PDT activated by 1530 nm laser irradiation and glutathione (GSH)-triggered carbon-centered radical synergistic therapy that responds specifically to the TME.
Jitong Gong, Yu Liu, Qingkun Yang et al.· ACS Applied Materials and In...· 0 citations
Cerium molybdate-doped polyaniline nanoparticles are developed to enable a synergistic combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and CDT, thereby triggering immunogenic cell death (ICD) and enhancing antitumor immunity and presenting a robust nanoplatform integrating chemodynamic and photothermal therapies for potent cancer immunotherapy.
Yulin Kuang, Cheng Lu, Bolan Yu et al.· Bioactive Materials· 0 citations
The escalating global cancer burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, necessitates safer and more effective therapeutic strategies. The toxicity and environmental issues of traditional heavy-metal-based quantum dots (QDs) have been addressed by green-synthesised QDs, which have become a promising platform for nanomedicine. In photodynamic treatment (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and theranostic applications, the anticancer effectiveness of green-synthesized QDs that are derived from plant extracts, microbes, biomolecules, and biomass waste is critically assessed. Green synthesis techniques, such as hydrothermal and microwave-assisted methods, provide biocompatible QDs with good photostability, tunable optical characteristics, and decreased cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, these QDs generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce mitochondrial dysfunction, produce localized hyperthermia upon near-infrared irradiation, and activate apoptotic pathways (such as p53, Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase cascade), leading to selective cancer cell death. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate potent tumor ablation through passive (EPR effect) and active targeting strategies. Despite these advances, some key setbacks hinder their clinical translation: lack of standardized synthesis protocols, batch-to-batch variability, limited long-term biosafety data, suboptimal targeting efficiency, and regulatory hurdles. Future perspectives include AI-driven optimization, smart theranostic platforms integrating multimodal imaging and therapy, and sustainable circular economy approaches using biowaste. Addressing these challenges through harmonized protocols and rigorous preclinical validation will be essential to realize the full potential of green-synthesized QDs as safe, multifunctional, and effective cancer nanomedicines.
G. Kah, Heidi Abrahamse· RSC Advances· 0 citations
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