Optimization of 3D industrial buildings through variation of geometry and bracing systems

Abstract

The structural design of three‐dimensional pitched roof industrial buildings require addressing the interaction between global geometry, lateral stabilization systems, and seismic demand. This study presents a parametric analysis of three‐dimensional steel gable frame models in which the span is varied from 10 to 50 m (5 m increments), while the eave height (h = 6 m) and roof slope (θ = 11.31°) are kept constant to isolate the effect of longitudinal stabilization. The models were developed in frame modeling software using linear elastic analysis and an equivalent static seismic approach with a seismic coefficient Cs=0.3, allowing normalized comparisons without reliance on a site‐specific response spectrum. Three stabilization strategies were examined. These include longitudinal tie beams, concentric bracing systems, and roof diaphragms formed by tension‐only cross‐bracing. The models also included self‐weight and basic roof loads. Structural performance was evaluated in terms of lateral displacements, torsional response, drift regularity, and steel efficiency. The results highlight span‐dependent trends and bracing configurations that improve stiffness while limiting material demand, providing criteria for preliminary design of industrial buildings in seismic‐prone regions.