This survey of 443 designers, among the first phase-disaggregated accounts of its kind, examined reported AI use across the four phases of the Double Diamond workflow, pointing to two distinct modes of human-AI collaboration: generating from scratch versus refining within existing software.
Abstract
Designers are adopting AI faster than the tools built for them can keep up. This survey of 443 designers across 43 countries, among the first phase-disaggregated accounts of its kind, examined reported AI use across the four phases of the Double Diamond workflow (Discover, Define, Develop, Deliver). 79.7 percent reported confirmed AI use in at least one phase, but engagement was typically partial, spanning a mean of 2.89 of 4 phases, with adopters retaining the earliest phases and dropping the latest. Tool choice tracked each phase's dominant activity: conversational tools drove Discover and Define, AI-native image generation took over Develop, and Deliver showed a hybrid profile. AI-native and embedded AI use peaked in different phases, pointing to two distinct modes of human-AI collaboration: generating from scratch versus refining within existing software. Use intensity declined through fewer designers engaging, not scaled-back use. Adopters and non-adopters differed on one dimension: perceived usefulness.
This publication proposes a definition and a classification of agile software development approaches and analyses ten software development methods that can be characterized as being "agile" against the defined criterion.
P. Abrahamsson, O. Salo, Jussi Ronkainen et al.· arXiv.org· 727 citations· ⚡54
The study shows that agile practices improve both informal and formal communication, but indicates that, in larger development situations involving multiple external stakeholders, a mismatch of adequate communication mechanisms can sometimes even hinder the communication.
M. Pikkarainen, Jukka Haikara, O. Salo et al.· Empirical Software Engineeri...· 401 citations· ⚡48
The results indicate that software engineering work practices are chosen opportunistically, adapted and configured to provide value under the constrains imposed by the startup context.
Nicolò Paternoster, Carmine Giardino, M. Unterkalmsteiner et al.· Information and Software Tec...· 394 citations· ⚡54
The perception of the impact of agile methods is predominantly positive, and several challenge areas were discovered, but based on this study, agile methods are here to stay.
M. Laanti, O. Salo, P. Abrahamsson· Information and Software Tec...· 260 citations· ⚡20
Related blog posts
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduOct 7, 2026
Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.
Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity. The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduSep 30, 2026
Able to defeat top-ranked human players and more efficient than other models, the new system could help decision-makers in military maneuvers or business negotiations.