Comparative Effects of Banana Peel and Eggshell Liquid Bio-fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L .) and Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairiaoccidentalis )

EFFECT OF BIODEPOSIT ELIXIR ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE AGRONOMIC AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF TWO TOMATO VARIETIES (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) GROWN UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production requires sustainable fertilization practices to improve productivity while reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers. This study evaluated the effects of different BioDeposit Elixir organic fertilizer application rates on the agronomic and economic performance of two tomato varieties under field conditions in Côte d’Ivoire. A field experiment was conducted during the 2024-2025 cropping season using a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of two varieties (Petomech+ and Cobra 26 F1) and five application rates (0, 12, 15, 20, and 25 mL per 10 m²), with three replications. Morphological, phenological, yield, fruit quality, postharvest, and economic traits were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by the Newman–Keuls multiple range test at P < 0.05. BioDeposit Elixir significantly affected most traits. Significant variety × BioDeposit Elixir dose interactions were observed for stem collar diameter, plant height, flowering time, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight, gross yield, and shelf life. The 25 mL rate generally produced the highest values. Cobra 26 F1 showed superior performance for several traits, including plant height, fruit diameter, gross yield, and shelf life. The number of leaves, number of flowers, fruit appearance, harvest timing, and blossom-end rot incidence were mainly affected by the variety and/or BioDeposit Elixir dose without significant interaction. The 25 mL rate also resulted in the highest net economic value under both selling price scenarios (700 and 900 XOF kg⁻¹). Overall, BioDeposit Elixir improved several agronomic, postharvest, and economic traits, with responses depending on the trait and variety. The 25 mL rate provided the best overall performance under the experimental conditions.

Effects of Banana Peel Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Chicken Manure on Growth and Yield Components of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Andisol Soil

This study evaluated the effects of banana peel liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and chicken manure on the growth and yield components of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivated in Andisol soil. The experiment was conducted from December 2020 to April 2021 at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, using a factorial randomized block design with two factors: four doses of banana peel liquid organic fertilizer (0, 50, 100, and 150 mL polybag⁻¹) and four rates of chicken manure (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha⁻¹). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that banana peel liquid organic fertilizer significantly increased the number of branches and the weight of 100 seeds but had no significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, or the number of pods. Chicken manure significantly increased stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods, and weight of 100 seeds, whereas its effect on plant height was not significant. No significant interaction was observed between banana peel liquid organic fertilizer and chicken manure for any of the observed variables. These findings indicate that both organic fertilizers independently improved soybean growth and yield components in Andisol soil, although their combined application did not produce a synergistic effect. Further studies involving comprehensive soil characterization, nutrient uptake, and economic evaluation are recommended to better understand the agronomic potential of banana peel liquid organic fertilizer under different environmental conditions.

Synergistic Effects of Nano NPK and Nauta Organic Fertilizers On the Growth and Productivity of Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.) Cv. ‘Zaginya’

Effect of Biostimulants on Growth, Yield and Quality of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Aims: This study evaluated the individual and interactive effects of applied biostimulants on the growth, yield, quality, and economic performance of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Pusa Desi. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), during 2025-26. Methodology: The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomised block design with two factors: commercial biostimulants (control, humic acid @ 3%, fulvic acid @ 3%, and salicylic acid @ 50 mg/L) and traditional biostimulants (control, moringa leaf extract @ 3%, vermiwash @ 3%, and cow urine [1:10]). The 16 treatment combinations were replicated three times, and the observed data were analysed using OPSTAT. Results: Significant differences were observed among the treatments. Among the treatment combinations, humic acid @ 3% and moringa leaf extract @ 3% (T1×M1) recorded the maximum plant height (35.5 cm at 45 DAS and 51.6 cm at harvest), root-shoot ratio (1.15 cm at 45 DAS and 1.20 cm at harvest), average leaf area (218.48 cm2 at 45 DAS), leaf area index (3.36 at 45 DAS), number of leaves per plant (8.4 at 30 DAS and 12.61 at 45 DAS), chlorophyll a content (2 mg/g at 30 DAS and 2.2 mg/g at 45 DAS), chlorophyll b content (1.17 mg/g at 30 DAS and 1.33 mg/g at 45 DAS), total chlorophyll content (3.23 mg/g at 30 DAS and 3.24 mg/g at 45 DAS), maximum root diameter (5 cm at 45 DAS and 5.7 cm at harvest), average root weight (123 g at 45 DAS and 130 g at harvest), yield per plot (5.2 kg), yield per hectare (433 q/ha), TSS content in roots (4.24 ºBrix at 45 DAS and 4.4 ºBrix at harvest), vitamin C (27.9 mg/day at 45 DAS and 31.6 mg/day at harvest), total phenolic content (2.16 mg GAE/g at 45 DAS and 2.51 mg GAE/g at harvest), beta-carotene (4.12 mg at 45 DAS and 4.16 mg at harvest), and the highest B:C ratio of 3.16. Conclusion: The results of our research indicated that the application of humic acid @ 3% and moringa leaf extract @ 3% (T1×M1) increased the growth, yield, and quality of radish. However, these findings are indicative and require further experimentation across seasons and locations before broader recommendations can be made.

Effectiveness of a Natural Fertilizer from Organic Household Waste (Banana Peel, Orange Peel, Eggshell, and Onion Peel) versus Chemical Fertilizer on The Growth of Chili (Capsicum Annuum L.): A Comparative Analysis

Commercial chemical fertilizers are heavily relied upon to boost crop yields, but their rising costs and negative environmental impacts—such as soil degradation and water contamination—highlight the critical need for sustainable alternatives. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a liquid natural fertilizer formulated from organic household wastes, including banana peels, orange peels, eggshells, onion peels, rice wash water, and molasses, on the growth performance of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. Utilizing an experimental research design, chili seedlings were divided into four groups to compare the organic formulation (at 5 mL and 10 mL concentrations) against a commercial synthetic fertilizer and a water-only control group. The plants were monitored over an eight-day treatment period using two primary metrics: plant height and leaf count.  The results demonstrated that the organic formulation is highly effective in promoting key growth parameters. In terms of plant height, the water-only control group achieved the highest average height of 8.6 inches, followed closely by the 10 mL organic fertilizer group at 8.1 inches, while both the chemical fertilizer and 5 mL organic treatments recorded the shortest height at 7.7 inches. Conversely, in the metric of leaf production, the 10 mL organic fertilizer concentration demonstrated the strongest performance, yielding the highest average of 10.6 leaves. The water-only and 5 mL organic groups resulted in 8.4 leaves, whereas the chemical fertilizer group performed the worst, recording the lowest average of 4.2 leaves. These findings confirm that the homemade organic fertilizer can rival and surpass commercial options, particularly in supporting leaf growth. The study concludes that recycling household kitchen waste into a liquid biofertilizer provides a practical, eco-friendly, and cost-effective solution for sustainable urban agriculture.  

Optimization of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Based on Banana Pseudostems and Coconut Fiber with MA-11 Bioactivator for Enhancing Plant Growth

The sustainable utilization of agricultural residues remains challenging because the combined application of banana pseudostem, coconut fiber, and the MA-11 bioactivator for liquid organic fertilizer production has not been systematically investigated. This research aims to analyze the formulation of liquid organic fertilizer from banana pseudostem and coconut fiber, using MA-11 as a bioactivator to enhance plant growth. First part of research focusing on analysing macronutrients, micronutrients, and the total bacterial count (CFU/mL). The best results were liquid organic fertilizer made from varying concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) as a treatment and a control (0%), each of which was added with 1 L of coconut water, 125 mL of molasses, and 125 mL of MA-11 to be tested on Marigold in the greenhouse. This research uses an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design. Plant growth responses were assessed by measuring plant height, leaf number, and the dry biomass of roots, stems, and leaves. The research results showed that the combination  3 (K3) with 125 gr of banana stems and 375 gr of coconut fiber had macronutrients (N, P, and K) according to the standard (2-6%), which is 3.38%. The content of micronutrients Cl, Na, Zn, and B was according to standards. The best formulation in this research that can encourage plant growth is K3 with a concentration of 15%. These findings indicate that the success of liquid organic fertilizer is not only determined by the composition of the raw materials but also by the interaction between nutrient content, microorganism activity, and appropriate application concentration.