Aug 2026· Raghadan· Vol 3, pp. 73-93· 0 citations· 3 references
Abstract
This study examines the subject of Italian nationalism and national identity by focusing on the intellectual and political model of Giuseppe Mazzini �1805–1872�, the spiritual father of the Italian Risorgimento in the nineteenth century� Mazzini is the figure who transformed the dream of Italian unity from a mere romantic idea into a comprehensive revolutionary project� The study explores how Mazzini articulated the concept of national identity within a historical context characterized by political fragmentation and foreign domination, and how he managed to transform nationalism from a mere geographical or ethnic bond into a moral doctrine and a humanitarian mission� In its theoretical framework, the study reviews the evolution of the concept of European nationalism between two currents: the political-contractual and the cultural-romantic, demonstrating how Mazzini integrated them to create a unique model that combines popular sovereignty with national spirituality� It traces Mazzini’s historical trajectory, starting from his critique of the Carbonari experience, to his founding of the Young Italy Movement, which relied on mass mobilization and the political education of the youth under the slogan "God and the People�" Furthermore, the study analyzes the three pillars of Mazzinian identity: centralized unity through the rejection of federalism, republicanism through the rejection of the monarchy, and universalism through the concept of the Third Rome and the brotherhood of nations� It discusses the historical paradox represented by the political and military success of the unification project in 1861 at the hands of royalists and realists, alongside Mazzini's ideological failure to implement the republican model for which he struggled� The study concludes that Mazzini, despite his immediate political failure to establish a republic, succeeded in emotionally forging the concept of the Italian nation� He established a model of emancipatory nationalism that inspired global liberation movements in the twentieth century, affirming that for him, national identity was not an end in itself, but rather a means for human liberation and a contribution to human civilization, founded upon the spirit and power of the youth�
The text examines the formation and persistence of the Swiss national imaginary as a construct shaped by enduring symbols, narratives, and figurative images. Building on theories of collective identity and Charles Taylor’s concept of the social imaginary, it argues that Swiss national identity emerged through a long cultural process in which the Alps, the herdsman, and eventually the peasant became dominant symbolic figures. Through literary works, historical writing, visual culture, and political discourse, these images acquired normative force and provided a shared framework for interpreting collective experience. The study traces how eighteenth-century idealizations of Alpine life, reinforced by authors such as Haller, Rousseau, and Gessner, established a myth of origins that overshadowed later political transformations. It shows how the bourgeois elites of 1848 chose symbolic continuity over revolutionary rupture, allowing the peasant figure to become the central bearer of national distinctiveness. The analysis highlights tensions between modernity and tradition, progress and nostalgia, and urban and rural imaginaries. It concludes that despite attempts to introduce modern symbolic figures, the Alpine-pastoral tableau continues to dominate the Swiss imaginary, revealing a persistent divergence between Switzerland’s historical development and the symbolic field through which it understands itself.
This article proposes a substantiated hypothesis regarding the role of P. M. Rabinovych as a figure who integrates systemic methodological tendencies in the development of the scientific understanding of legal and, more broadly, socio-legal processes over the past seven decades. His trajectory is interpreted as a movement from the rigid, ideologically dogmatized positivism of the Soviet era towards the comprehension of the principles of the European humanistic legal tradition. The article also highlights the significance of his personal scholarly and creative contribution to contemporary Ukrainian jurisprudence. The study demonstrates the immanent connection of many of his texts with the methodological achievements of twentieth-century science and philosophy, which is particularly important given the limited engagement of domestic legal scholars and representatives of other social sciences and humanities with the achievements of Ukrainian philosophical and methodological thought. Anthropological and cultural approaches are considered in dialectical unity, the synthesis of which provides additional opportunities for the study of social events and processes, particularly within spheres regulated by law. The article identifies paradoxes in the methodological framework of P. M. Rabinovych, the critical examination of which makes it possible to outline potential ways of resolving their epistemological and ontological origins in domestic jurisprudence and legal practice. The main conclusions emphasize the general cultural and ideological foundations of these paradoxes, primarily of an economic and ideological nature, as well as the specification of evolutionary efforts undertaken by exceptionally gifted individuals within the scientific sphere. The necessity of such figures is evidenced both by their uniqueness and by the need to reintegrate domestic jurisprudence into global trends in the development of the humanities.
Oleksandr Lytvynov· Philosophy of law and genera...· 0 citations
Messianism in the Judeo-Christian tradition is closely related to the collective experience of political subjugation and socio-economic marginalization, particularly under Roman rule after the Jewish–Roman War (66–70 CE). This study analyzes Matthew 25:31–46 within this context using a postcolonial hermeneutic approach, interpreting messianism as a form of religious nationalism. The study presents two main findings. First, the figure of the “Son of Man” represents a form of religious nationalism that functions as symbolic resistance to Roman imperial authority. Second, the identification of the Messiah with “the least of my brothers” reflects religious nationalism as a form of national solidarity rooted in the lived experience of the oppressed. This study contributes to postcolonial biblical interpretation by highlighting how the text constructs collective identity and resistance within a colonized community. It also offers implications for Matthean studies by reframing the passage beyond ethical and eschatological readings toward its ideological and socio-political dimensions.
D. Aliyanto, Y. B. Setyawan, Izak Y. M. Lattu et al.· Dunamis: Jurnal Teologi dan...· 0 citations
Abstract This article takes the contemporary revival of the “Balkanization” metaphor as a starting point from which to examine its transnational historical trajectory. The existing literature has interpreted “Balkanization” either as a variation of Orientalism or as a symptom of de-globalization. Drawing on the theory of multiple globalization projects, this article traces the circulation of the term across different political and geographical contexts, asking what kinds of crises it tends to encapsulate in the course of its travels. Methodologically, the study relies on the transnational travels of concepts and critical metaphor analysis. The article shows that the term has come to embody both the promises and perils of the national globalization project – its aspirations to autonomy and destruction of the existing imperial order, as well as its inner potential toward imperialism and its own vulnerability to further fragmentation. “Balkanization,” then, mirrors the tensions between different globalizations embodying experiments with territory, sovereignty, citizenship and the politics of belonging. Far from being an anomaly standing for fragmentation or the “Orientalist gaze,” “Balkanization” actually renders visible the global history of multiple globalizations and the various perspectives of its protagonists.
The aim of the study is to comprehensively characterize Nasserism as a politico-ideological model of Arab nationalism in the second half of the 20th century, identifying the historical and political prerequisites of its emergence, its ideological content, and its significance for the transformation of the Pan-Arab idea. The article examines Nasserism in the context of the crisis of the Arab political order, which intensified after the defeat of the Arab states in the First Arab-Israeli War of 1948-1949, the rise of anti-colonial sentiment, the weakening of traditional mechanisms of political legitimacy, and the search for new forms of regional consolidation. The study demonstrates that Nasserism cannot be reduced merely to the political course pursued by the Egyptian leadership. Rather, it represented a complex synthesis of anti-imperialist principles, pan-Arab concepts, ideas of social transformation, and the imperatives of state-building. Particular attention is given to the influence of the Arab intellectual tradition, including the ideas of Taha Hussein, Satiʿ al-Husri, and Michel Aflaq, on the formation of notions of national unity, political independence, and the historical mission of the Arab peoples. The scholarly novelty of the research lies in interpreting Nasserism as a contradictory political and intellectual construction that emerged at the intersection of pan-Arab universalism and the principle of national-state sovereignty. In contrast to approaches that regard Nasserism primarily as a form of Arab socialism or as an Egyptian authoritarian project of modernization, this article emphasizes the tension between qawmiyya, oriented toward supranational Arab unity based on a shared language, historical memory, and cultural identity, and wataniyya (state-territorial loyalty to a specific country, its institutions, and sovereignty), which affirmed the priority of the particular nation-state. The study concludes that Nasserism possessed a dual historical and political nature. On the one hand, it functioned as an instrument of anti-colonial mobilization, the strengthening of Egyptian sovereignty, the legitimation of socio-economic reforms, and the promotion of Arab solidarity. On the other hand, its practical implementation revealed the structural limitations of pan-Arab integration projects, most clearly manifested in the collapse of the United Arab Republic. At the same time, the article substantiates that the Nasserist legacy did not lose its relevance after the failure of the Egyptian-Syrian union. Its key components – anti-colonialism, social justice, state-oriented modernization, and the idea of Arab unity – continued to influence the political culture and foreign-policy self-identification of Arab states.
The article examines the transformation of the identity of the Romanian-French essayist and philosopher Emil Cioran through the prism of the opposition “center – periphery”. The theoretical basis of the research is identity studies, ideological studies, anthropological hermeneutics and spatial theories. The authors proceed from the position that the concepts of center and periphery are not only geographical or cultural-political categories, but also important psychological and worldview constructs that determine the intellectual biography of an individual.Based on the analysis of Emil Cioran’s works, his diaries, essays and scientific literature, the complex evolution of his self-perception is traced: from admiration for imperial models of culture and criticism of Romania’s peripheral status to rethinking the value of peripheral experience and critical attitude towards the cultural center. It is shown that in different periods of his work Cioran fluctuated between the desire to integrate into the central cultural space and attempts to preserve his own marginal identity.Special attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship between space, cultural belonging and the thinker’s literary style. The authors prove that Cioran internalized the concepts of the center and the periphery, turning them into tools for understanding his own existence. The article examines his worldview fluctuations between the “lyrical ontology of barbarism” and the “geometric ontology of cultural sophistication”, between the romantic fascination with the periphery and the desire for universalism. A significant place is devoted to the analysis of his attitude towards national identity, modernity, imperial cultural models, religion, nihilism and the concept of “non-human”.The study demonstrates that Cioran cannot be unambiguously attributed to either the center or the periphery. His intellectual biography appears as a continuous process of finding a balance between these two poles, and the fluidity of identity becomes an important condition for his creative freedom. The authors conclude that it was the tension between peripherality and centrality that determined the paradoxical nature of Cioran's thinking, his tendency towards intellectual antitheses, and shaped his unique writing style.
C. Nicolaescu, Felix Nicolau· Current issues of social sci...· 0 citations
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