Sep 2026· Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Abstract
Every programming language built to date separates the program from the proof about the program. The program is written; the proof is established separately, through testing, verification, or formal methods. This paper proposes that this separation is not a necessary feature of computation but an architectural choice and that a different architecture exists in which the proof is the program. The central claim is this: the conservation of energy, applied to information flowing through a network, is a sufficient foundation for a type system that simultaneously and automatically certifies a program's convergence, stability, information content, semantic consistency, and compositional properties. The type condition is a single inequality on matrices. The six properties follow as mathematical consequences. We outline why this framework which we call the Morphism Programming Language (MPL) applies uniformly across domains as diverse as gene regulatory networks, electrical power grids, neural circuits, financial systems, quantum computers, and language models. We describe the structural reasons why certified programs on any of these domains share the same mathematical guarantees, and we sketch the implications for fields in which the gap between tested software and proved software currently carries serious consequences. This preprint presents the conceptual architecture and the principal claims. A full technical treatment, including proofs, a complete implementation, and verified numerical results, is being prepared separately.
This publication proposes a definition and a classification of agile software development approaches and analyses ten software development methods that can be characterized as being "agile" against the defined criterion.
P. Abrahamsson, O. Salo, Jussi Ronkainen et al.· arXiv.org· 727 citations· ⚡54
The study shows that agile practices improve both informal and formal communication, but indicates that, in larger development situations involving multiple external stakeholders, a mismatch of adequate communication mechanisms can sometimes even hinder the communication.
M. Pikkarainen, Jukka Haikara, O. Salo et al.· Empirical Software Engineeri...· 401 citations· ⚡48
The results indicate that software engineering work practices are chosen opportunistically, adapted and configured to provide value under the constrains imposed by the startup context.
Nicolò Paternoster, Carmine Giardino, M. Unterkalmsteiner et al.· Information and Software Tec...· 394 citations· ⚡54
The results show that the embedded industry has been able to apply agile methods in its development processes and that the appreciation of the agile methods and their individual practices appears to increase once adopted and applied in practice.
O. Salo, P. Abrahamsson· IET Software· 238 citations· ⚡9
Consequences of happiness and unhappiness that are beneficial and detrimental for developers' mental well-being, the software development process, and the produced artifacts are found.
D. Graziotin, Fabian Fagerholm, Xiaofeng Wang et al.· Journal of Systems and Softw...· 236 citations· ⚡13
The Mobile-D approach is briefly outlined here and the experiences gained from four case studies are discussed, which helped develop an agile development approach for mobile application development.
P. Abrahamsson, Antti Hanhineva, H. Hulkko et al.· Conference on Object-Oriente...· 225 citations· ⚡18
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