Bradyrhizobium sp. role in strengthening biochemical defense of trefoil under metal stress

Abstract

This study explores the role of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) in enhancing the biochemical resilience of Lotus ornithopodioïdes during germination under metal stress conditions. Specifically, the effects of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) on germination and various biochemical parameters were assessed. Seeds were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) and subjected to different concentrations of trace metals. Key biochemical parameters, including proline, amino acids, total soluble sugars, α-amylase activity, and DNA content, were analyzed. The results demonstrated that inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) significantly mitigated the adverse effects of metal stress, leading to improved germination rates and enhanced biochemical responses. Notably, proline and amino acid levels were reduced, while α-amylase activity and DNA content increased in inoculated seeds compared to non-inoculated controls. These findings suggest that Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) plays a vital role in promoting resilience in Lotus ornithopodioïdes under metal stress, highlighting its potential for use in bioremediation and sustainable agricultural practices.