Multifunctional chitosan/carbon nanotube nanocomposites for programable drug and gene delivery in cancer therapy, wound healing and antimicrobial applications
A new Triple-Stimuli Release Model is presented that provides a computational experimental bridge to expedite preclinical validation while mathematically forecasting concurrent release kinetics and how well molecular dynamics simulations and artificial intelligence combine to forecast toxicity, drug-carrier interactions and nanocomposite stability are assessed.
Abstract
Chitosan/carbon nanotube (CS/CNT) nanocomposites have emerged as next-generation multifunctional drug delivery platforms by bridging the gap between material science and precision medicine. These systems combine the high surface area, tensile strength and photothermal conversion ability of carbon nanotubes with the biocompatibility, mucoadhesion and functional versatility of CS to provide a synergistic solution to long-standing limitations of conventional nanocarriers. Stimulus-responsive drug release, customized functionalization and scalable green synthesis are three important research areas that have advanced significantly in recent years. Novel covalent and non-covalent modifications with enhanced dispersion, prolonged circulation and enhanced therapeutic specificity include PEGylation, peptide targeting and metallic nanoparticle decoration. Creating multi-stimuli release systems that react to pH, enzymatic activity and near-infrared (NIR) radiation is a particularly exciting advancement that enables accurate spatiotemporal drug release profiles in infection and tumor microenvironments. We present a new Triple-Stimuli Release Model in this review that provides a computational experimental bridge to expedite preclinical validation while mathematically forecasting concurrent release kinetics. Applications of CS/CNT systems are highlighted in the fields of gene delivery, wound healing, oncology, antimicrobial therapy and regenerative medicine, with a focus on clinical bottlenecks and translational potential. We additionally assess how well molecular dynamics simulations and artificial intelligence (AI) combine to forecast toxicity, drug-carrier interactions and nanocomposite stability, suggesting that CS/CNT nanocomposites are promising candidates for AI-guided optimization pipelines. Finally, a progressive clinical translation roadmap is informed by a critical discussion of long term biosafety, GMP compliant manufacture, regulatory pathways and ethical considerations. This review emphasizes CS/CNT systems as key components for precision nanomedicine, theranostics and sustainable healthcare innovation that fuse experimental advances with computational vision.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as versatile nanocarriers for biomedical applications because of their unique physicochemical properties, including high surface area, large pore volume, excellent drug-loading capacity, controllable biodegradation, and facile surface functionalization. These characteristics have enabled the development of advanced drug delivery systems with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, targeted delivery, improved bioavailability, and reduced systemic toxicity. Recent advances in MSN synthesis, physicochemical properties, surface engineering, and functionalization strategies have significantly improved their biological performance and therapeutic potential. In particular, integrating polymers, lipids, and liposomes with MSN platforms has enhanced colloidal stability, circulation time, cellular uptake, and target specificity, thereby facilitating efficient, stimuli-responsive drug delivery. This review highlights MSN-based drug delivery systems in cancer therapy, where multifunctional nanocarriers enable site-specific delivery, controlled drug release, enhanced tumor accumulation, and reduced off-target effects. The review discusses the expanding roles of MSNs in antimicrobial therapy, wound healing, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, emphasizing their ability to promote localized therapeutic delivery, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. The review discusses the diagnostic and theragnostic capabilities of MSNs for disease imaging and monitoring. It also critically evaluates current challenges related to biocompatibility, biodegradation, toxicity, biological barriers, large-scale manufacturing, clinical translation, and regulatory considerations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress, current limitations, and future opportunities for MSN-based platforms in targeted drug delivery and advanced biomedical applications, supporting their continued advancement toward clinical translation and precision medicine.
Manickam Rajkumar, N. Prathap, V. Kashid et al.· Pharmaceutics· 0 citations
Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology have accelerated the development
of polymeric nanocarriers for cancer therapy, enabling high precision and improved
therapeutic efficiency. Among these, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs)
have gained significant attention, as PLGA is a U.S. FDA-approved polymer for various biomedical
applications.
PLGA has several important properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, sustained
drug-release properties, and minimal toxicity. However, mucoadhesion and cellular uptake of
the delivery system in the tumour microenvironment are slightly compromised due to the negative
surface charge of the PLGA. This issue can be overcome by surface functionalization with chitosan
(CS), a cationic polysaccharide. This helps to improve nanoparticle stability, permeability, and sitespecific
targeting. This also enables targeted delivery of the drug to the tumor's microenvironment.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical composition and key
properties of PLGA, the characteristics of chitosan, and the rationale for chitosan surface functionalization.
Additionally, it discusses various fabrication methods of the NPs, including emulsification,
nanoprecipitation, salting-out, dialysis, spray drying, and microfluidics techniques.
The characterization studies included determination of particle size, zeta potential, and
morphology, which confirm the successful chitosan coating. In vitro and in vivo studies further
demonstrated the potential of this nanoparticle system for controlled, targeted, and biocompatible
delivery of anticancer agents.
This review also provides a comprehensive roadmap of current challenges and future
perspectives along with a survey of recent patents related to this delivery system.
Madhusudan Maity, Niranjan Panda, Subas C. Dinda et al.· Recent Patents on Nanotechno...· 0 citations
Bladder cancer is among the most common malignancies of the urinary system and is characterized by high recurrence rates and unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. Current therapeutic strategies are limited by inadequate local efficacy, rapid drug loss caused by the bladder microenvironment, and systemic toxicity associated with conventional chemotherapy. In this study, we developed a localized therapeutic platform for bladder cancer based on a hyaluronic acid-phenylboronic acid/poly(vinyl alcohol) (HA-PBA/PVA) dual-network hydrogel incorporating liposomes co-loaded with resveratrol (Res) and gemcitabine (Gem). The hydrogel system was designed to provide sustained local drug delivery and improved intravesical retention. Physicochemical characterization demonstrated favorable injectability, self-healing capacity, mechanical stability, and pH-responsive sustained-release behavior. The embedded liposomes exhibited a uniform nanoscale size distribution and high drug encapsulation efficiency. In vitro studies showed that the composite hydrogel displayed good biocompatibility and significantly inhibited MB49 bladder cancer cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion. In vivo evaluation further demonstrated favorable biosafety and enhanced antitumor efficacy of the hydrogel-based local delivery system. These findings indicate that the HA-PBA/PVA hydrogel-liposome composite system is a promising localized therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer.
Unknown authors· ACS Applied Bio Materials· 0 citations
Controlled and sustained drug delivery has emerged as a transformative strategy for overcoming the limitations of conventional pharmaceutical formulations, including poor bioavailability, rapid drug clearance, systemic toxicity, and non-specific distribution. Among the numerous delivery platforms investigated, polymeric nanocomposite carriers have attracted considerable attention because they integrate the excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and processability of polymers with the unique physicochemical, mechanical, optical, magnetic, and therapeutic properties of inorganic nanomaterials. This review provides a comprehensive and critical evaluation of recent advances in polymeric nanocomposite-based drug delivery systems, highlighting the synergistic interactions between natural and synthetic polymers and a broad spectrum of nanofillers, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, nanoclays, mesoporous materials, and electrospun nanofibers. The influence of nanocomposite composition, fabrication strategies, and physicochemical characteristics on drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, release kinetics, targeting capability, and biological performance is systematically discussed. Furthermore, representative therapeutic applications in cancer therapy, wound healing, antimicrobial treatment, tissue engineering, neurological disorders, and regenerative medicine are critically compared to establish structure–property–performance relationships. This review primarily summarizes individual carrier systems, preparation methods, release mechanisms, and biomedical applications into a unified framework while identifying current limitations related to nanoparticle aggregation, long-term biocompatibility, biodegradation, large-scale manufacturing, regulatory approval, and clinical translation. This review provides valuable insights for researchers working on the rational design of advanced polymeric nanocomposites with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved safety, and accelerated clinical applicability.
M. Samy· Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Min...· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
