Chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease: risk stratification

Abstract

Currently, the search for reliable biomarkers that combine high sensitivity and specificity and allow for the accurate diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a key challenge in modern medicine. This study presents a systematic review of the current literature on the relationship between CKD and CAD, with a focus on risk stratification and the diagnostic value of specific biomarkers. The search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, eLibrary, and Clinical Trials. The quality of the selected publications was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and AMSTAR 2 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This literature review allowed us to systematize current data on the relationship between CKD and CAD and evaluate the role of key biomarkers in risk stratification in this patient population. The combination of these conditions creates a unique pathophysiological profile that requires special attention in both diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers that require emphasis for more accurate risk stratification are described. This review demonstrated that CKD is an independent and powerful predictor of adverse outcomes after MI, stenting, and coronary artery bypass grafting. It is shown that therapy in this patient population requires an individualized approach.