Aug 2026· International Journal of Environment and Climate Change· 0 citations
Abstract
A field investigation involving 40 bread wheat genotypes was conducted across three sowing environments: normal (E1, 15 November 2023), late (E2, 15 December 2023), and very late (E3, 15 January 2024). The experiment used a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to characterise genetic variability, trait correlations, and genotype stability. Pooled ANOVA, genetic parameters (GCV, PCV, h², and GAM), genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients, and Eberhart–Russell stability analysis were used to evaluate 13 traits across environments. Highly significant (P < 0.01) differences were detected among environments, genotypes, and their interactions for all traits. Seed yield showed a GCV of 4.03%, a PCV of 5.06%, broad-sense heritability (h²) of 39.49%, and a GAM of 6.60%, indicating relatively limited scope for improvement through direct phenotypic selection. Seed yield showed strong positive genotypic correlations with biological yield (rᵍ = 0.748), grains per spike (rᵍ = 0.756), and 1000-seed weight (rᵍ = 0.628). Stability analysis using the Eberhart–Russell model identified Raj 3077, Raj 4027, and GW 387 as stable, high-yielding genotypes across environments. The relatively narrow difference between the PCV and GCV estimates indicated limited environmental influence on the expression of several traits. These stable genotypes, with favourable biofortification traits (Fe, Zn, and protein), may provide useful breeding material for developing climate-resilient, nutrient-rich wheat varieties suited to variable sowing conditions in India.
This study was conducted during May to December, 2022 at Kulumsa and Melkassa, in Ethiopia, evaluated 49 CIMMYT-introduced genotypes including the check variety across two locations using an alpha lattice design. The Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant genetic variability for most of the traits, including grain yield (GYLD), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and hectoliter weight (HLW).Genotypes EBW222059, EBW222088 and EBW222079 were the top yielders, consistently outperforming the check. High genotypic (GCV) and Phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variation for GYLD (22.24% and 24.42%) and TKW (13.38% and 15.32%) at Kulumsa indicated a strong genetic base for improvement. Very high broad-sense heritability for grain yield (83%) and days to heading (92%), coupled with high genetic advance as a percent of mean (GAM) for grain yield (41.72%), suggested the predominance of additive gene action, making phenotypic selection highly effective. However, maturity traits and plant height showed significant environmental influence, rendering direct selection for these traits ineffective. Correlation analysis confirmed that grain yield was strongly and positively associated with TKW and HLW at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. These results demonstrated that selecting for heavier, denser grains was a reliable strategy for yield enhancement. The study concluded that the identified elite genotypes should advance to multi-environment stability trials, while TKW and HLW should be prioritized as key selection markers to accelerate the development of high-yielding, adaptable wheat varieties. Thus, genetic variability in these genotypes could be exploited to enhance bread wheat yields under high-temperature conditions of Ethiopia.
Bayisa Asefa, Berhanu Sim, Demeke Zewdu et al.· International Journal of Eco...· 0 citations
The experiment was conducted during May to December, 2024–2025 main seasons at mid-altitude bread wheat growing agro-ecologies of Ethiopia to study the agronomic performance, genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions, heritability, cluster and correlation of bread wheat breeding genotypes across 11 multi-environment trials (METs).Utilizing an alpha lattice and partially replicated design, the study employed Factor Analytic Mixed Models (FAMM) and GGE biplot analysis to partition variance, GxE and identify drivers of yield stability. Grain yield ranged significantly from 1.60 to 6.50 t ha-1, underscoring substantial phenotypic plasticity across the environments. Results indicated that 55.80% of genotypes exceeded the grand mean yield, 77% yielded above 4.5 t ha-1, and 20% outperformed the standard check “Melka.” While grain yield exhibited high heritability (H2) ranged 16.48%–92.19%), traits like days to heading (DTH) and plant height (PHT) remained genetically stable (H2 > 85%). GGE biplot analysis partitioned testing sites into distinct mega-environments, identifying locations 25BWOPNMKU, 24BWPNMAB and 25BWOPNMAA as the most discriminative testing sites for selection. Although genotype EBW190004 achieved the highest mean yield (5.52 t ha-1), it showed high environmental sensitivity. Conversely, EBW190128 and EBW190063 were the most stable genotypes. Notably, EBW222059 appeared as the promising candidate for regional release, balancing high productivity (5.44 t ha-1) with exceptional resilience in moisture-constrained environments. Furthermore, the study confirmed high potential for genetic gain and demonstrated that the FAMM-based MET analysis provided a robust framework for identifying superior genotypes in bread wheat breeding programs across the mid-altitude regions of Ethiopia.
Bayisa Asefa, Berhanu Sime, Habtemriam Zegeye et al.· International Journal of Bio...· 0 citations
The experiment was conducted at four locations over two years, from June, 2023 to December, 2024. The study evaluated the performance of 30 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties across seven Ethiopian agro-ecological environments during the 2023–2024 cropping season. The objective of the study was to identify high-yielding, stable, and disease-tolerant bread wheat genotypes suitable for sustainable wheat production across diverse Ethiopian agro-ecological environments. The combined analysis of variance revealed that the environment contributed the largest proportion of the total variation (74.51%), followed by genotype×environment interaction (19.77%), whereas genotypic differences accounted for only 5.71% of the variation. Grain yield ranged from 5.45 t ha-1 for Digalu to 7.51 t ha-1 for Kulumsa in 2023, with newer wheat varieties consistently outperforming older cultivars. The GGE biplot analysis revealed that the first two principal components explained 71.94% of the genotype×environment interaction (G×E) variation, confirming the reliability of the model for assessing genotype stability and adaptability across environments. Newly released varieties such as Kulumsa, Deka, Honqolo, and Balcha demonstrated superior grain yield and desirable agronomic traits, whereas older varieties such as Digalu, Dashen, and Kubsa showed relatively lower performance. These findings highlight the genetic progress achieved through Ethiopian wheat breeding programs and emphasize the importance of continuous variety evaluation to sustain wheat productivity under changing agro-ecological conditions.
Berhanu Sime, Gadisa Alemu, Alemu Dabi et al.· International Journal of Bio...· 0 citations
Purpose: Around the globe, wheat is a significant cereal crop, used for food, feed, and raw materials. The study’s main objective was to examine the diversity and variability of yield and its attributing traits among sixty (60) locally cultivated wheat genotypes of Bangladesh based on genetic analyses to formulate appropriate breeding strategies for further improvements.Research Method: A total of sixty wheat genotypes were evaluated in the field using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to assess ten yield and yield-related parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted using R-studio software to gauge the genetic variance among these sixty wheat genotypes.Findings and Values: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed a high degree of genetic variation. The study indicated that grain production per plant exhibited the highest Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV%) and Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV%), along with significant genetic advance and strong heritability. This suggests that selecting for this trait would be an efficient breeding strategy. Additionally, the number of tillers per plant, grains per spike, grains per plant, and grain yield per plant showed significant positive correlations. Shatabdi, SA-8, and PV-79 genotypes were associated with the highest yields. The work selects promising genotypes with a wide genetic diversity for yield and attributing traits, which can be used for further varietal improvement in Bangladesh.
I. Jahan, S. Muntaha, G. Sagor· Journal of Agricultural Scie...· 0 citations
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici is among the most damaging foliar diseases of wheat, with yield losses reaching up to 82% under favorable conditions. To identify resistant sources, one hundred sixty bread wheat genotypes were screened at Dabat and Adet in northwestern Ethiopia during the 2023 and 2024 cropping seasons using an alpha lattice design with two replications. Disease severity was assessed at three growth stages and agronomic traits were recorded across environments. Combined analyses revealed that 17.5% of the tested genotypes exhibited resistant responses to STB, producing superior grain yield (≥ 4.5 t ha⁻¹) and thousand-kernel weight (≥ 45.41 g). Additionally, 52.5% of genotypes were moderately resistant, whereas 30% showed moderately susceptible reactions. Highly significant differences (P < 0.0001) were observed among genotypes for all studied traits, which were negatively correlated with disease parameters. The highest grain yield (5160.88 kg ha⁻¹) was obtained from genotype G81. This genotype also exhibited significantly lower disease severity at maturity (24.35%) and a significantly reduced AUDPC (968.6) compared with most of the tested genotypes. These findings highlight promising genetic resources for STB resistance, and further molecular studies such as QTL mapping and GWAS are recommended to identify resistance loci and accelerate their utilization in wheat breeding programs.
Soybean improvement depends on the identification of genetically diverse germplasm with superior agronomic performance. This study evaluated the phenotypic diversity, yield potential, and genetic variability of a large and diverse panel of 278 soybean genotypes under the agro-ecological conditions of the Madhupur Tract, Bangladesh, during November 2023 to April 2024. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Morphological, phenological, physiological, and yield-related traits were recorded and analyzed using analysis of variance, correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and genetic parameter estimation. Considerable variation was observed for all evaluated traits. Pointed ovate leaves (58.3%), white flowers (38.1%), indeterminate growth habit (97.8%), medium plant height (64.7%), medium maturity (85.3%), and medium seed size (54.3%) predominated among the genotypes. Grain yield per plant (GY) ranged from 0.46 to 20.06 g, with BS-53 recording the highest yield, while several other genotypes also exhibited comparatively superior yield and favorable agronomic characteristics. BS-260 matured earliest (88 days) and BS-18 exhibited the highest leaf chlorophyll content. GY showed strong positive correlations with seeds per plant (r = 0.906 ***) and pods per plant (r = 0.862 ***). PCA explained 67.4% of the total phenotypic variation in the first two principal components. High broad-sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance for most traits suggested substantial genetic variability and potential responsiveness to selection under the conditions of the present study. The comprehensive characterization of this diverse germplasm panel and the identification of high-yielding and agronomically favorable genotypes provide a valuable resource for soybean selection and breeding in Bangladesh, while the promising genotypes warrant further multi-location and multi-season validation.
Mohana Tasnin, Md. Saddam Hossain, M. A. Al Mamun et al.· Legumes· 0 citations
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