Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with metabolic and hormonal abnormalities that predispose women to long-term health complications. Alterations in serum magnesium levels, lipid profile, thyroid function, and glycaemic status may contribute to increased risks of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Evaluating these parameters in women with PCOS can facilitate early identification of metabolic disturbances and support timely interventions to improve health outcomes. Aim: To assess the demographic profile and biochemical parameters in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Biochemistry at a tertiary care hospital in Nashik, Maharashtra, India. A total of 100 women aged 18-40 years diagnosed with PCOS as per the Rotterdam criteria were included over a period of six months from July 2025 to January 2026. Key variables included magnesium levels, lipid fractions, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Tetraiodothyronine (T4), and Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), while potential confounders such as Body Mass Index (BMI), diet, lifestyle, and medication use were documented. Results: Most of the patients were aged 21-30 years (53%), with a mean age of 28.41±6.20 years. Mean serum magnesium was 1.60±0.25 mg/dL. Dyslipidaemia was observed with elevated total cholesterol (211.23±29.13 mg/dL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (123.44±31.28 mg/dL), while the mean HbA1c was 6.16±0.85%, suggesting an increased risk of diabetes. Conclusion: The findings emphasise the need for routine metabolic and endocrine evaluation in women with PCOS to facilitate early identification of associated abnormalities and guide timely clinical management.