Serum Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk in Eastern Indian adults: Insights from a tertiary care cohort

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D plays a well-established role in bone metabolism, but recent evidence highlights its broader impact on cardiovascular health. Deficiency has been linked to hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in adult patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and compare them with age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls. Materials and Methods: An observational, hospital-based, cross-sectional case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care center. A total of 100 adult diagnosed CVD patients and 100 matched healthy controls were enrolled. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations were measured and analyzed for clinical correlation. Results: The mean serum Vitamin D level in CVD cases was 16.94±2.30 ng/mL, significantly lower than controls (40.35±1.95 ng/mL; P<0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was markedly prevalent among patients, indicating a strong association with cardiovascular morbidity. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with CVD and reduced survival. Supplementation improved outcomes, particularly in patients with documented deficiency. These findings underscore the importance of routine Vitamin D screening and supplementation strategies in cardiovascular risk management.