Estimating the Clinical and Risk Behavioral Factors Associated with HIV/AIDS among People Living with HIV/AIDS, El-Obeid Teaching Hospital, North Kordofan State, Sudan
Jul 2026· Center of Medicine· Vol 2, pp. 135-143· 0 citations· 31 references
TL;DR
HIV/AIDS among PLWHA is associated with low condom utilization the first time they had sex, multiple sexual partners, alcohol consumption, early sexual debut, substance abuse, and socio-economic vulnerability.
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major public health challenge, with clinical manifestations and risk-related behaviors influencing disease progression and transmission. A retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study of the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, treatment patterns, and behavioral risk factors among 196 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in El-Obeid city, with a complete response rate of 100% (total coverage). Data were analyzed and processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0, and Microsoft Excel 2010, and results were presented using tables and figures. The majority of participants were aged between 26 and 45 years. Male participants constituted 56.1% of the study population. Almost all participants-initiated ART immediately after diagnosis. Nearly half of the participants reported suffering from chronic diseases. TB was the most prevalent comorbidity, affecting 50% of those with chronic conditions. Sexual transmission was identified as the primary risk factor, accounting for nearly 60% of infections. Approximately 15% of respondents reported having more than three sexual partners. HIV/AIDS among PLWHA is associated with low condom utilization the first time they had sex, multiple sexual partners, alcohol consumption, early sexual debut, substance abuse, and socio-economic vulnerability.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is viral suppression. Despite numerous efforts through public policy, the failure to achieve viral suppression remains a major concern for the Chadian healthcare system. The objective of this study was to analyze the challenges of managing patients on ART at the Mother and Child University Hospital in N'Djamena.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 7 to September 6, 2025, among 422 women living with HIV/AIDS, followed at the HIV Treatment Center (CTA) of the Mother and Child University Hospital in N'Djamena. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, and associations between variables were assessed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: As a result, the prevalence of unsuppressed viral load was 36.49%, compared to 14.45% of suppressed loads (50–1,000 copies/ml) and 49.05% undetectable loads, for an overall suppression rate of 63.5%. Challenges such as stigmatization (OR = 9.18; p = 0.001) and recourse to traditional healers (OR = 22.42; p = 0.001); high stress (OR = 268.64; p = 0.001), alcohol or tobacco use (OR = 19.58; p = 0.001), and associated hepatitis (OR = 1; p = 0.003) were the main factors associated with patient management.
Conclusion: Ultimately, achieving care objectives requires an integrated and multidimensional approach to treatment.
Wilfried Tiam KAMKUIGNI*, Rayam Kouladoum, Kouamé Stanislas Kafflouman et al.· International Journal of Med...· 0 citations
Tuberculosis incidence was relatively low, while isoniazid use was protective, and poor adherence, opportunistic infections, and large family size increased risk, while isoniazid use was protective.
Wabiw Addis, Adugnaw Zeleke, S. Nigatu et al.· Journal of the International...· 0 citations
Introduction:
People living with HIV (PLWH) are increasingly at risk for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly diabetes and hypertension, due to the immunosuppressive effect of the virus. These comorbidities significantly complicate the clinical management of HIV and place additional strain on healthcare systems, especially in low-resource settings like Ghana. We examined the prevalence, screening practices, and treatment adherence for diabetes and hypertension among PLWH in the Hohoe Municipality.
Methods:
This was a concurrent mixed-methods study conducted among 292 PLWH receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) at the Volta Regional Hospital using a structured questionnaire deployed using Kobo Toolbox. Data collected were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics using STATA v17.0. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%.
Results:
The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 23.0% and 10.3% respectively. Older PLWH (ages 50-59 years) were significantly more likely to have hypertension (aOR=2.43, 95% CI=0.38–5.88, p=0.012) compared with younger patients (ages 20-29 years). Individuals who had tertiary education were associated with an increased likelihood of developing diabetes (aOR=14.61, 95% CI=1.04-204.78, p=0.047). All participants (100%) have ever been screened for hypertension, while 37.7% of participants had been screened for diabetes. Medication adherence was 88.1% for hypertension and 95.0% for diabetes. However, adherence to follow-up appointments was lower for hypertension (82.3%) and diabetes (85.0%).
Conclusion:
The high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension among PLWH presents significant public health challenges. Addressing these challenges requires enhancing patient education, strengthening health systems, and improving access to comprehensive care. These actions are essential for reducing the burden of comorbidities and advancing progress toward SDGs 3.3 and 3.4, which aim to end HIV/AIDS epidemics and reduce premature mortality from NCDs.
Janice Maubi Browny, Amina Masawudu, Theodora Yayra Brinsley et al.· Journal of interventional ep...· 0 citations
High CD4 count was the risk factor for generalized obesity and female sex, being married and high CD4 count were risk factors for abdominal obesity among PLHIV.
Ramesh Masthi NR, Pruthvi S, Lavanya R et al.· National Journal of Communit...· 0 citations
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health issue. Southeast Sulawesi, particularly Kendari City, has experienced an increase in HIV cases in recent years. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of patients is crucial for planning effective health interventions.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of HIV patients based on year, age, gender, and occupation in the working area of the Mokoau Community Health Center, Kendari City, for the period 2021–2024.
Method: This study used a descriptive approach utilizing secondary data from HIV program reports at the Mokoau Community Health Center. The research subjects included all HIV patients recorded between 2021 and 2024, with a total of 56 cases. The sampling technique used was total sampling. Descriptive analysis was performed on variables such as year of occurrence, age, gender, and occupation.
Results: The highest number of HIV cases was recorded in 2023 (58.9%), with the dominant age groups being 20–24 years (46.4%) and 25–49 years (14.3%). The majority of patients were male (80.4%). Based on occupation, 39.3% of cases came from groups with unknown employment status, followed by employees and students, each accounting for 26.8%.
Conclusion: HIV infection in the Mokoau Community Health Center working area is dominated by men of productive age, with an upward trend in cases in the middle of the study period. These findings confirm the need for prevention interventions targeting young people and adults of productive age, increased access to HIV testing, and outreach to key populations based on local characteristics.
Keywords: HIV; prevalence; patient characteristics; age; gender; occupation; Kendari City
Risnah Wati, S. Sirajuddin, Tsalsa Anto Ifdanunnisa et al.· Journal of Epidemiology and...· 0 citations
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Kazakhstan faces a growing number of new HIV diagnoses alongside a high incidence of multidrug-resistant TB. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for TB among PLHIV in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult PLHIV receiving care at the Almaty AIDS City Center by 2022. Participants were randomly selected from the HIV registry. TB/HIV coinfection was defined as a documented TB diagnosis following HIV diagnosis in the registry. Bivariable and multivariable Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR and aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for factors associated with TB/HIV coinfection. Results Of 194 PLHIV randomly selected, 188 participated, of whom 32 (17%) had TB/HIV coinfection. In bivariable analysis, coinfection was more common among those with lower educational attainment (24% vs. 6%), a history of incarceration (43% vs. 11%), ever smoking (32% vs. 4%), known TB contact (28% vs. 5%), detectable viral load (>50 copies/mL; 42% vs. 3% among those with undetectable viral load ≤50 copies/mL), ART duration less than three years (13% vs. 1%), and ART interruptions (16% vs. 3%). Coinfection prevalence was also higher among those with a CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3 (44% vs. 12%), and those with no or unknown TPT receipt had a higher prevalence of coinfection compared to those who had received TPT (25% vs. 10%; PR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2–5.5). In multivariable analysis, coinfection was independently associated with younger age (18–39 vs. ≥40 years; aPR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.4), ever smoking (aPR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.3–10.0), known TB contact (aPR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.0–5.7), incarceration history (aPR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–3.2), and detectable viral load (aPR = 6.9; 95% CI: 2.5–19.5). Conclusion We found a high prevalence of TB/HIV coinfection and suboptimal TPT coverage among PLHIV in Almaty. Expanding TPT access, ensuring routine TB screening, and prioritizing early and sustained ART, particularly among individuals with detectable viral loads or low CD4 counts, may help reduce TB among PLHIV in similar settings.
Alfiya Y. Denebayeva, Elizabeth J. King, Zhamilya Nugmanova et al.· Frontiers in Public Health· 0 citations
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