Jul 2026· Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics· Vol 62, pp. 613 - 641· 0 citations· 41 references
TL;DR
The paper analyses and summarizes the types of errors (lexical-semantic and stylistic) in machine translation of gender-specific constructions in machine translation of gender-specific constructions.
Abstract
Abstract The paper deals with feminine units in Ukrainian and the problem of their machine translation to and from English. The purpose of the paper is to study how feminine units are translated from Ukrainian into English and vice versa by machine systems. To solve this problem, a qualitative comprehensive analysis was applied using a corpus-based approach and quantitative data verification. To study this issue, a corpus bitext was compiled consisting of an array of parallel texts in Ukrainian and English. Texts from mass media discourse have also been studied. Three intelligent translation systems were tested: Google Translate, DeepL, and GPT. The relevance of the study is also reinforced by the fact that it is based on the rules of the new Ukrainian orthography of 2019, which regulates the formation of feminine nouns in the modern Ukrainian language. The paper analyses and summarizes the types of errors (lexical-semantic and stylistic) in machine translation of gender-specific constructions. The research also contributes to improving the quality of machine translation of feminine units offering the practical recommendations for rendering Ukrainian feminitives into English and English constructions that may have masculine and feminine equivalents into Ukrainian.
This paper is focused on the problem of overcoming macro-typological asymmetry in translating texts from Russian into Arabic and from Arabic into Russian. The paper is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the mechanisms of cross-linguistic meaning transfer in cases where direct transfer (transcoding) proves impossible due to structural interference. Particular attention is paid to the deconstruction of complex verbal phrases, metaphorical expressions, and culture-specific vocabulary in the absence of direct dictionary equivalents. The aim of the research is to develop a comprehensive formal model of linguistic-semantic and syntactic transformations for the Russian-Arabic language pair based on dependency grammars, utilizing the empirical data of parallel text corpora. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, the mechanisms for overcoming lexical-syntactic lacunarity between typologically distant languages (such as demetaphorisation, cross-part-of-speech transposition (recategorization), and syntactic reconfiguration) are presented in the form of computable syntactic dependency trees based on a parallel macrotext. Furthermore, the applied potential of Russian-Arabic parallel arrays is substantiated for the first time by applying the principle of corpus triangulation to identify translation patterns. As a result, the key text adaptation strategies (nominal, semantic, and explicative) were identified and systematized. The results obtained showed that achieving pragmatic equivalence is algorithmically impossible without the structural expansion or reduction of the source graph, and that the use of corpora safeguards the translator from subjective deviations and the phenomenon of "translationese".
Dawood Jaafar Al, Borisovna Kozerenko Elena· Philology. Theory & Prac...· 0 citations
The subject of the research is the semantic, grammatical, and pragmatic characteristics of translations generated by DeepSeek in comparison with DeepL and Google Translate. The object is machine translation in the Russian–Chinese language pair using generative language models. The relevance is determined by the contradiction between the expanding use of large language models in translation and the insufficiently defined boundaries of their effectiveness with typologically and culturally distant languages. The aim is to determine the boundaries of DeepSeek's effective application in both translation directions. The objectives include characterizing the model's technological features, comparing cognitive mechanisms of language processing by humans and artificial intelligence, and empirically testing translation quality against DeepL and Google Translate according to semantic accuracy, grammatical correctness, and pragmatic adequacy. The study employed comparative analysis, cognitive modeling, and interpretive analysis on a corpus of 30 phraseological and culturally marked units. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of knowledge about generative neural networks in translation theory and in the comparative assessment of three systems on a unified corpus according to three complementary criteria. The author's contribution consists in refining the understanding of similarities and differences between human and machine cognitive mechanisms. The main findings are as follows: DeepSeek outperforms DeepL and Google Translate in conveying idioms and cultural realia, however its functional adaptation may lead to semantic shifts, necessitating professional post-editing in terminologically dense texts. The most justified application is producing draft translations and finding contextual equivalents, while final verification should remain with the human translator.
Ilia Alekseevich Konstantinov· Филология научные исследован...· 0 citations
This pilot study examines how the English adverb actually is rendered in Slovak translation, drawing on a corpus of literary texts and their translations. As a multifunctional item, actually performs a range of syntactic and pragmatic functions in context, most notably those of emphasizer and disjunct. The analysis draws on three Slovak translations of works by the same English-speaking author. Although each translator worked on a different set of books, the corpus still makes it possible to compare translation strategies within a relatively consistent authorial style and to observe how individual translators deal with the same multifunctional source item. The study combines qualitative functional analysis with quantitative observations in order to identify recurrent Slovak renderings of actually, including lexical substitution, structural reformulation, attenuation, and omission. The findings suggest that translation difficulty arises not from the lack of Slovak expressive resources, but from differences between English and Slovak in the grammatical encoding of discourse-related meaning. In particular, functions expressed in English through sentence adverbials do not always correspond to a single formal category in Slovak, which increases the likelihood of functional shift or translation loss. The study contributes to translation studies and contrastive linguistics by showing how the pragmatic contribution of a frequent multifunctional item may be preserved, reinterpreted, weakened, or omitted in translation, and how these outcomes vary across translators.
Zuzana Knižková· Studies About Languages· 0 citations
The article examines the peculiarities of translating English psychological terminology into Ukrainian and identifies the most effective translation methods used to ensure semantic accuracy and communicative adequacy. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing popularity of psychological literature and the need for a consistent rendering of specialized terminology in Ukrainian. The research aims to analyze the main translation techniques applied to English psychological terms and to determine their frequency and effectiveness. The corpus of the study comprised 128 terms selected from English-language professional psychology texts and their Ukrainian translations. The findings indicate that the most frequently employed techniques are variant equivalent selection (33%), calque translation (25%), and dictionary equivalents (21%). Less common methods include concretization, generalization, contextual substitution, semantic development, descriptive translation, part-of-speech substitution, and transcoding. The study demonstrates that the choice of translation method depends on a term's semantic characteristics, its degree of standardization in the target language, and its use context.
N. Tymoshchuk, U. Shostak· Scientific Journal of Poloni...· 0 citations
Translation plays a crucial role in transferring meaning across languages, particularly in literary works where linguistic and cultural elements require careful interpretation and adaptation. However, differences in linguistic structure and cultural context often create challenges in the transfer of meaning between source and target languages. This study aims to identify the translation methods applied at the sentence level in the English–Indonesian translation of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and to examine how these methods are used in transferring meaning from the source language to the target language. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data consisting of five selected sentences analyzed using Newmark’s (1988) translation methods framework. The findings reveal that two translation methods are applied: literal translation and semantic translation. Semantic translation is the most frequently used method (60%), while literal translation appears in 40% of the data. The analysis shows that both methods contribute to meaning transfer, although they differ in their approach to conveying linguistic and contextual elements. This study contributes to translation studies by providing a focused sentence-level analysis and demonstrating how translators employ different translation methods according to contextual needs. The findings offer practical insights for literary translators and educators in English–Indonesian translation contexts.
Perdana Kusuma, Abdul Syahid· ETERNAL (English Teaching Jo...· 0 citations
The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of secondary predication in Russian and English with an emphasis on the adjectival type and the features of its translation. The aim of the work is to identify similarities and differences in the functioning of secondary subjective predication in the two languages and to identify strategies for its transmission in translation. The methods used are theoretical analysis of linguistic concepts, a comparative approach, and a corpus analysis of parallel texts in D. Setterfield's novel The Thirteenth Tale (353 sentences in English and 307 in Russian). The main results of the study showed that in the English-language corpus, secondary subjective predication is relatively low in the literary text (frequency ~3%). The analysis of translations revealed that in 9 out of 11 cases, the adjectival secondary predication persists without syntactic transformations, being realized in the Russian language mainly through participial and adjectival turns (semi-predication). It is noted that for the Russian language this construction is more natural due to the absence of the need for a verb-a bundle between a noun and an adjective. As a result, it is concluded that the secondary adjectival predication in Russian and English has a similar semantic nature and performs similar syntactic functions. When translating, its preservation, as a rule, does not cause difficulties due to the structural parallels between languages, which confirms the thesis about the fundamental translatability of this phenomenon.
Aleksandr I. Ermakov, Yulia N. Zintsova· LOGOΣFERA. Nizhny Novgorod h...· 0 citations
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