Optimizing Lapen Pavement Selection Using Value Engineering and Multi-Criteria Decision Methods

Abstract

Background: The Provision of Infrastructure, Facilities, and Utilities (PPSU) Program is one of the regional government’s programs aimed at improving the quality of basic settlement infrastructure, particularly through the construction of environmental roads using Penetration Macadam (Lapen) pavement. Objective: This study aims to apply Value Engineering (VE) as an efficiency and optimization strategy for Lapen work by integrating the Entropy method and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Methods: The research uses a descriptive quantitative approach involving 55 respondents consisting of Commitment-Making Officials (PPK), Technical Activity Implementation Officers (PPTK), planning consultants, supervisory consultants, field supervisors, implementing contractors, and road experts. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire comprising 13 indicators representing the functional and cost aspects of the four alternatives. The questionnaire results were tested for validity and reliability. Results: The results showed that Alternative 4 (A4) obtained the highest assessment index, at 86.32%. Entropy weighting resulted in a weight of 0.441 for the function variable and 0.120 for the cost variable, indicating that the functional aspect was the primary consideration in selecting the alternatives. The TOPSIS analysis ranked Alternative 4 (A4) as the best alternative, with a preference value of 0.5677, followed by Alternative 2 (A2) (0.5407), Alternative 3 (A3) (0.2142), and Alternative 1 (A1) (0.0000). The Value Engineering analysis showed that Alternative 4 (A4) had the highest function-to-cost ratio, thus providing the best value. Conclusion: Alternative development is recommended by integrating the advantages of Alternative 2 (A2), particularly its cost efficiency, ease of implementation, and use of local materials, into Alternative 4 (A4).