Aug 2026· Nauchnyi Dialog· 0 citations· 3 references
Abstract
The article addresses the problem of crosslinguistic comparison of verbo-nominal stable collocations that occupy an intermediate position between free word combinations and phraseological units. The material includes scholarly works on contrastive linguistics and studies of these constructions in Germanic studies and Russian studies. It is established that linguistics lacks both a comprehensive picture of the functioning of these units and a universal system of criteria for delimiting them from adjacent phenomena. It is found that existing methods of contrastive analysis prove ineffective for their comparison. The aim of the study is to identify a prospective methodology for the comparative description of verbo-nominal predicative collocations in divergent languages (on the material of German and Russian). The relevance of the research is determined by the special significance of cross-linguistic studies for language pedagogy, lexicography, and natural language processing. The novelty lies in combining the principles of contrastive linguistics and typology. A methodology is proposed that combines unidirectional comparative analysis with reliance on a set of typological parameters as a specifically constructed benchmark for comparison. It is proven that this approach overcomes limitations associated with the intermediate status of the studied units, which creates a basis for conducting contrastive studies on other languages and improving machine algorithms.
The article considers the practical application of contrastive study of Russian and German synonymic systems in teaching German vocabulary to Russian-speaking learners at the advanced level. It is established that synonymy in the two languages is structured on fundamentally different principles: in Russian, the determining factor is stylistic stratification — synonymic chains form branching hierarchies with a clear vertical of 'neutral / bookish / colloquial', while German to a great extent fulfils the same semantic function through word-formation mechanisms, primarily compounding, which generates quasi-synonyms with narrowed denotative values. Four stable types of synonymic divergences are described that systematically provoke lexical errors in Russian native speakers. For didactic purposes, the concept of the 'synonymic gap' is introduced — a zone of structural mismatch that with high predictability generates interference errors in word choice. On this basis, a methodological model is proposed, comprising a contrastive synonymic matrix and a three-stage exercise system (analytical, differentiating, and productive stages). The conclusion is that systematic contrastive work with synonymy significantly increases the precision of lexical choice and forms a stable lexical competence.
Natalya N. Bashlueva· Applied psychology and pedag...· 0 citations
The purpose of the study is to identify the structural and semantic potential of German hybrid adjectives in the 17th-18th centuries. The article examines hybrid lexemes of the New High German period from the perspective of word formation and semantic content. The use and influence of borrowed material are analyzed, and the domains of usage of hybrid adjectives are determined. Furthermore, productive word-formation patterns and methods of hybrid word formation are identified. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, the formation of hybrid adjectives in German is examined from a diachronic perspective. The study reveals the special role of the adjectival suffix -isch as a conduit for introducing borrowed roots into the lexico-semantic system of German adjectives. The interaction between cognate hybrid words and loanwords during the period under study is demonstrated. The formation of a category of borrowed suffixes in the German language is also highlighted. As a result of the study, it is proven that the establishment of the hybrid corpus of adjectives in the 17th-18th centuries began with the process of calquing from Latin, expanded through the use of foreign stems combined with the German suffix - isch, and further developed through the application of certain Latin prefixes. Compounding was not widely used. Semantic changes in hybrid adjectives occurred under the influence of borrowed lexemes.
I. B. Akkuratova· Philology. Theory & Prac...· 0 citations
Abstract This article presents the first systematic typological survey of bridging constructions in the Sino-Tibetan language family. Bridging constructions are discourse-linking devices in which material from a preceding clause is repeated or summarized at the onset of a following sentence, thereby contributing to cohesion, discourse continuity, and information backgrounding. Despite growing typological interest in such constructions, previous cross-linguistic research has relied heavily on data from Papunesia and South America, leaving Eurasia – and Sino-Tibetan in particular – underrepresented. The study is based on a source-driven sample of 50 Sino-Tibetan languages and combines two complementary datasets: a primary corpus of unedited oral narratives from five languages and a broader comparative survey based on secondary grammatical descriptions. This mixed methodology allows for both fine-grained analysis of attested bridging constructions and broader assessment of their distribution across the family. The analysis examines their occurrence, formal realization, and relationship to morphological type, clause-linking strategies, participant-tracking resources, zero anaphora, and areal patterning. The results show that bridging constructions are widespread across Sino-Tibetan, but that their syntactic realization varies considerably. The data provide limited support for strong typological correlations. Instead, formal variation reflects the interaction of language-specific clause-linkage resources, discourse-packaging strategies, and broader areal tendencies along the Indosphere-Sinosphere continuum.
Katia kat ᶨ a Chirkova tʃirkova, Hongdi xuŋti Ding tiŋ, Paul paul van Els van ɛls· Linguistic Typology· 0 citations
The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of secondary predication in Russian and English with an emphasis on the adjectival type and the features of its translation. The aim of the work is to identify similarities and differences in the functioning of secondary subjective predication in the two languages and to identify strategies for its transmission in translation. The methods used are theoretical analysis of linguistic concepts, a comparative approach, and a corpus analysis of parallel texts in D. Setterfield's novel The Thirteenth Tale (353 sentences in English and 307 in Russian). The main results of the study showed that in the English-language corpus, secondary subjective predication is relatively low in the literary text (frequency ~3%). The analysis of translations revealed that in 9 out of 11 cases, the adjectival secondary predication persists without syntactic transformations, being realized in the Russian language mainly through participial and adjectival turns (semi-predication). It is noted that for the Russian language this construction is more natural due to the absence of the need for a verb-a bundle between a noun and an adjective. As a result, it is concluded that the secondary adjectival predication in Russian and English has a similar semantic nature and performs similar syntactic functions. When translating, its preservation, as a rule, does not cause difficulties due to the structural parallels between languages, which confirms the thesis about the fundamental translatability of this phenomenon.
Aleksandr I. Ermakov, Yulia N. Zintsova· LOGOΣFERA. Nizhny Novgorod h...· 0 citations
The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the attributive and predicative functions of the adjective in the paroemias of the English and Russian languages. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to study grammatical semantics in fixed linguistic units that reflect the fundamental laws of language and the national worldview. Proverbs represent a unique linguistic material in which syntactic structures crystallize, governed not only by grammatical norms but also by the laws of rhythm, rhyme, and mnemonic expediency. The research objectives included: identifying and classifying structural models with attributive and predicative adjectives in English and Russian proverbs; analyzing the semantic and pragmatic features of adjectives in each function within the proverbial context; determining the degree and nature of interaction between attributive and predicative relations within paroemiological statements. The research material consisted of proverbs from authoritative dictionaries of both languages, including The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs and V. I. Dahl's collection Proverbs of the Russian People, which ensures the representativeness of the results obtained. The methodology is based on the integrated application of comparative, contextual, and semantic-syntactic analysis methods, as well as a functional-pragmatic approach. The results show that, despite the commonality of basic grammatical functions, proverbs demonstrate specific patterns of adjective use determined by the nominative and communicative specificity of the genre. The novelty of the work lies in identifying the correlation between the grammatical function of the adjective and its pragmatic role in the structure of the paroemiological utterance. It has been shown that the predicative function, being genetically primary, often serves to assert universal truths and value orientations in proverbs, while the attributive function is used to create concise nominative complexes that fix a typified feature of an object. Both universal features (the predominance of qualitative adjectives, active use of antonymic oppositions) and specific characteristics have been identified: Russian proverbs more frequently contain short forms of predicative adjectives and ethically marked vocabulary, whereas English proverbs are dominated by adjectives with pragmatic evaluation. The results can be applied in courses on theoretical grammar, cultural linguistics, intercultural communication, and lexicographic practice.
Unknown authors· Филология научные исследован...· 0 citations
This paper explores the cross-linguistic diversity of grammatical ways of encoding positive polarity focus in declaratives, termed polarity focus constructions. In addition, the paper attempts to address the question if such constructions cross-linguistically commonly target finite verb forms. A 20-language convenience sample was used for the study, spanning 10 language families from six geographic areas of the world: the Ethiopian Highlands, Europe, Mesoamerica, the Northwestern Coast of North America, Siberia and West Africa. The data were primarily collected from secondary sources. The investigation has confirmed all the structural types of polarity focus marking noted in
previous work touching on the cross-linguistic structural diversity in polarity focus marking: prosodic prominence on the finite verb form, special syntactic positioning of the finite verb form, special morphemes and auxiliary verbs. What is more, it has attested to structural elements in polarity focus marking not mentioned in previous cross-linguistic work. One instance of these are special subject-agreement suffixes on the verb in Bench (Ta-Ne-Omotic, Ethiopian Highlands). Another instance is absence of structural elements that occur in canonical wide predicate-focus declaratives. This pattern was found in Bench and Somali (Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, Ethiopian Highlands). In addition, all three pairs of languages within the same genus that are included in the dataset feature completely different polarity focus constructions: Bura-Pabir and Marghi South (Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Bura-Marghi), English and Swedish (Indo-European, Germanic), and Croatian and Russian (Indo-European, Slavic). This suggests that polarity focus constructions might be a diachronically unstable feature. Finally, the polarity focus constructions in 16 of the 20 languages can be analysed as marking the finite verb form as the focus domain, with the data lacking for the remaining four languages. This suggests that the finite verb form as the syntactic domain of polarity focus may be a cross-linguistically common pattern.
Ante Petrović· Suvremena Lingvistika· 0 citations
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