Collaborative Governance in Multi Agency Electoral Law Enforcement: A Theory to Practice Translation Framework for Indonesia's Sentra Gakkumdu

Abstract

Election crime enforcement in Indonesia is conducted through Sentra Gakkumdu, a standing tripartite mechanism joining the General Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu), the National Police, and the Attorney General's Office. This conceptual review uses Collaborative Governance as a lens for translating hierarchically mandated, multi-agency law enforcement collaboration into practice. Five documented Scopus searches yielded 5,276 records; after deduplication, screening, prioritization, and full text verification, twenty three peer reviewed journal articles formed the analytical corpus. To avoid dependence on inaccessible seminal publications, the review grounds RQ1 in full text verified contemporary sources: Emerson's direct restatement of the integrative framework, together with later developments concerning co creation, network structure, theory pluralism, and collaborative accountability. The synthesis derives a five domain Theory to Practice Translation Framework covering structural foundation, relational dynamics under statutory hierarchy, accountability design, stakeholder and civil society engagement, and capacity and resourcing. Each domain links a diagnostic question, evidence base, enabling condition, practice option, and boundary. The contribution is conceptual and translational rather than causal: the framework reorganizes verified scholarship for a mandated tripartite criminal law enforcement setting, but it has not been empirically tested in Sentra Gakkumdu and should be used as a diagnostic proposition for local validation.