Mathematical Model Analysis for the Dynamics and Control of Malaria and Typhoid Fever Co-Infection

Abstract

Malaria and typhoid fever co-infection produces severe illness affecting public health, especially in countries where both diseases coexist. A mathematical model that considers the critical factors influencing the transmission dynamics and control interventions of malaria and typhoid fever co-infection is developed. The essential epidemiological features of the model, such as the basic reproduction number and disease-free equilibrium, are determined and analysed. A dynamical systems analysis of the model reveals the conditions under which the disease can be eradicated or persists. Numerical simulations are conducted using real data from Nigeria as a case study. By fitting the model to the real data, essential parameter values are estimated and model prediction that reveals the possible long-term dynamics of the model is determined. The impact of the various control interventions are investigated. These findings are anticipated to aid in improving the management of malaria–typhoid co-infection in endemic regions for expeditious disease eradication.