Analysis of the cancer incidence in the various age groups populations of the Russian Federation

Abstract

The increasing incidence of malignant neoplasms (MNs) poses a number of complex challenges for the healthcare systems of virtually every country in the world. These issues require comprehensive organizational approaches and significant financial expenditures in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. High-quality recording of MN cases forms an epidemiological picture and serves as a basis for making management decisions. Objective. To perform a comprehensive analysis of malignant neoplasm incidence rates in the Russian Federation from 2013 to 2023 in relation to key demographic changes in various age groups. Materials and methods. An analysis of federal statistical observation forms №7 («Information on malignant neoplasms») for 2013—2023 was carried out among the 0—17, 18—44, 45—59, 60—74, 75 years and older age groups. Bibliographic, analytical and statistical research methods were used. Results. The dynamics of MN incidence rates in the Russian Federation from 2013 to 2023 has a wave-like pattern with a decline in 2020 during the spread of the novel coronavirus infection. The indicators of MN incidence in different age groups are directly proportional to the age of patients, which is consistent with global trends. The incidence rate of MNs in the male population is higher than that of the female population in the 0—17, 60—74, 75 years and older age groups. The demographic shift during the studied period influenced the change in the structure of identified cases of MNs by age groups. Thus, the proportion of cases detected among people aged 60—74 years increased from 41.5 to 51.5%. In Russia as a whole, an increase in the average growth rate of the indicator was noted, with the largest increase observed in the 18—44 age group. Between 2013 and 2023, the mean age of affected individuals rose by 1.2 years, from 64.0 to 65.2 years. The greatest increase in age was identified in patients with MNs of the lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue — by 2.7 years (from 56.0 to 58.7 years), MNs of the kidney — by 1.7 years (from 61.7 to 63.4 years), MNs of the uterine body — by 1.5 years (from 62.2 to 63.7 years). The mean age of onset was higher in the Northwestern, Central and Volga Federal Districts. Conclusion. In general, an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the Russian Federation over the 2013—2023 period was observed. Considering demographic changes, the proportion of cases identified in the 60-74 age group has increased, as did the mean age of patients.