EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF HOSPITALIZATIONS DUE TO YELLOW FEVER IN BRAZIL FROM 2020 TO 2025

Abstract

Yellow fever is an acute infectious disease of public health importance, with potential progression to severe disease and death. In Brazil, transmission occurs predominantly through the sylvatic cycle and is influenced by viral circulation, vectors and non-human primates, environmental conditions, and vaccination coverage. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of yellow fever hospitalizations in Brazil between 2020 and 2025. An ecological, descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study was conducted using secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS), obtained through DATASUS/TABNET, using ICD-10 category A95. Hospitalizations, deaths, and hospital mortality rates were analyzed according to year, geographic region, sex, age group, and race/skin color. A total of 354 hospitalizations and 13 deaths were identified during the study period, with a reduction in records between 2020 and 2023, followed by a marked increase in 2024 and 2025. The highest number of hospitalizations occurred in 2025 (134), while the Northeast region had the highest cumulative number of records (135). Males accounted for 60.7% of hospitalizations, individuals classified as brown for 69.2%, and the 20–29-year age group had the highest number of hospitalizations (43). The highest hospital mortality rate occurred in 2025 (6.72%). The findings demonstrate substantial temporal, regional, and sociodemographic heterogeneity, highlighting the need to strengthen vaccination, epidemiological surveillance, and healthcare professional training.