Biaxial Ferroelectric-Polarization Reconfigured Optoelectronic Multiple Logic in α-In₂Se₃/WSe₂ Heterostructure

Abstract

Photonic logic gates, essential for next-generation photon computing, are currently hindered by limited dynamic control, high power consumption, and architectural complexity. Here, we demonstrate a non-volatile, reconfigurable optoelectronic logic device based on a van der Waals heterostructure of ferroelectric α-In₂Se₃ and transition metal dichalcogenide WSe₂. Unlike conventional ferroelectrics with uniaxial polarization, α-In₂Se₃ exhibits unique and independently controllable out-of-plane (OOP) and in-plane (IP) ferroelectric polarization, enabling multidimensional photoresponse modulation. We have quantitatively established the coupled polarization-photoresponse relationship, revealing a linear voltage-dependent control mechanism. This biaxial polarization coupling yields a photoresponse switching ratio exceeding 10³ between photovoltaic and photoconductive modes within a single device, allowing dynamic reconfiguration of fundamental logic functions. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate NAND and OR logic gates implemented in the same device, with the NAND gate further applied in a smart alarm system that reduces transistor count by 75% compared to conventional CMOS architectures. Our work establishes a biaxial polarization modulation paradigm in two-dimensional heterostructures, paving the way for high-density integration, adaptive photonic systems for edge intelligence and in-memory computing applications.