Centrosome-related gene SPHK1 drives bladder cancer progression and therapeutic vulnerability

Abstract

Highlights • The CRSS model effectively stratifies BLCA patients into high- and low-risk groups and predicts bladder cancer survival.• CRSS reveals immune infiltration patterns and therapy sensitivity.• Machine learning combined with Mendelian randomization identifies key CRGs.• SPHK1 drives proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells.