Mixed Reality Glasses Image Translocation for Binocular Diplopia.

The relationship between motor fusion and stereoacuity in adults with normal binocular single vision

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore the relationship between motor fusion and stereoacuity in adults with normal binocular single vision. Method: A sample of 31 adult participants was recruited by convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria included age 18–40 and no history of uncorrectable vision loss or strabismus. Examinations included visual acuity, orthoptic assessment and non-cycloplegic autorefraction (Canon RK-F2). Stereoacuity was performed using Precision Vision’s Real Depth Stereo Test, Frisby Stereo Test, Titmus Stereo Fly Test and TNO. Prism fusion ranges were performed at 33 cm and 6 m, using an accommodative target. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the examination. Results: Participants had a mean age of 23.16 ± 2.48 years, were 80.6% female and 71% had myopia. Most were orthophoric (58.1%) at distance fixation and exophoric (67.7%) at near fixation. There was a moderate and significant correlation between distance and near convergence by prism fusion ranges (r = 0.64, p < .001). There was a moderate negative correlation between near convergence by prism fusion and stereoacuity using the Real Depth Stereo Test (r = −0.42, p = .018) and Frisby Stereo Test (r = −0.52, p = .003). However, there was no correlation between near convergence by prism fusion with Titmus (r = 0.19, p = .36) or TNO (r = −0.31, p = .1). Near divergence fusion range was not significantly correlated to any stereoacuity test (all p > .05). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between convergence fusion range and stereoacuity measured using the Frisby and Real Depth stereo tests in this population of adults with normal binocular single vision.

Prismatic treatment combined with binocular visual training for intermittent exotropia: impact on visual function and quality of life.

BACKGROUND Given the high prevalence and progressive nature of intermittent exotropia (IXT), effective interventions are urgently needed. We aimed to probe the impact of prism combined with binocular visual training (BVT) on visual function and quality of life in patients with IXT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial. Eighty-six IXT patients were randomly assigned to the control group (prism only) and experimental group (prism + BVT). Outcomes included strabismus angle, fusion range, stereopsis function, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), tear film breakup time (TBUT), and refraction, quality of life [Chinese version of intermittent exotropia questionnaires (CIXTQ) scores], and visual discomfort symptoms. RESULTS After treatment, compared with the control group, the experimental group showed greater improvements in 33 cm and 6 m strabismus prism diopter, strabismus circular angle, fusion range, distant and near stereopsis detection rates, correct eye alignment, UCVA, BCVA, TBUT, and refraction (p < 0.05). Additionally, the experimental group had higher CIXTQ scores for social psychology and visual function, and a lower incidence of visual discomfort symptoms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Prism combined with BVT effectively improves visual function and quality of life in IXT patients, demonstrating safety and clinical value. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2200112320.

Outcomes on pseudophakic mini-monovision with monofocal intraocular lens on intermediate vision with immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery.

Real-world effectiveness of a binocular, dual-mechanism therapy in severe amblyopia: analysis from the PUPiL Registry.

BACKGROUND Occlusion therapy for severe amblyopia is challenging because of low visual function of the unoccluded eye and lengthy duration of daily therapy, which may then be hindered by low adherence. This study evaluates real-world effectiveness of a binocular digital treatment in patients with severe amblyopia. METHODS The records of children <18 years with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/100 or worse in their amblyopic eye who were prescribed Luminopia in the PUPiL Registry were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment utilizes contrast reduction and dichoptic masking overlayed on patient-selected programming. Primary outcome was BCVA improvement from baseline to last follow-up. Secondary outcomes included associations between BCVA improvement and total treatment hours, prior amblyopia treatment, age, and amblyopia type. Statistical analyses included correlation, t tests, and regression analyses. RESULTS In 57 children with severe amblyopia (mean age, 7.1 ± 2.6 years), mean BCVA improved 1.8 lines (95% CI, 1.0-2.6), with average treatment of 166 hours over 11.8 months. Of the 57 patients, 26 (46%) achieved ≥2-line gains. Treatment-naive patients showed greater improvement (n = 7; 4.4 lines [95% CI, 2.1-6.7]) versus previously treated patients (n = 50; 1.5 lines [95% CI, 0.6-2.3; P = 0.0183]). Worse baseline BCVA (Spearman r = 0.33, P = 0.013) and greater treatment hours (Spearman r = 0.51, P < 0.001), but not age or amblyopia type, were associated with greater BCVA improvement. CONCLUSIONS Luminopia demonstrated significant improvements in Registry patients with severe amblyopia, particularly in treatment-naive patients, supporting its use as a viable treatment option that may address key limitations of traditional approaches.

Quantitative analysis of binocular alignment by Hess screen testing in surgery for superior oblique palsy.

PURPOSE Conventional prism-cover strabismus measurement is compromised by nonstandard and poorly repeatable target locations. We developed a general method to quantify incomitant strabismus in repeatable, defined gazes and illustrate its application to commonly performed surgical strategies in anatomically confirmed cases of superior oblique (SO) palsy. METHODS Hess screen alignment data were obtained before, 1 week, and 3-7 months after surgery in 19 patients with unilateral SO atrophy demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. Five underwent ipsilateral inferior oblique (IO) recession, four contralateral inferior rectus (IR) recession, and 10 underwent both. An automated program measured scanned Hess charts at 21 fixation targets at ±15° and 30° horizontal and vertical eccentricities for each fixating eye. Heat maps were created across the fixation field, quantifying strabismus angles, surgical effects, and secular trends. Individual heat maps were pointwise averaged for affected and fellow eyes, and according to the type of surgery: ipsilateral IO recession, contralateral IR recession, and combined. RESULTS Pre-operative alignment maps demonstrated three incomitant hypertropia patterns addressed by distinct surgical approaches. Recession of the IR alone produced immediate and stable correction of hypertropia with minimal incomitant effect. Recession of the IO corrected large lateral incomitance and had progressively improving late effects. Combining these approaches corrected lateral incomitance and hypertropia in infraversion, with progressively improving late effect. CONCLUSION Alignment heat maps allow intuitive visualization of selective strabismus surgical strategies treating varied incomitance in SO palsy, reflecting progressive improvement in alignment when surgery includes IO recession.

[Evaluation of visual function and patient satisfaction 5 years after SMILE with micro-monovision in myopic patients with presbyopia].